1. DNA and now RNA DNA is deoxyriboneucleic acid. RNA is ribonucleic acid.

2. What is RNA and what is its function? DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded. DNA bases = adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. RNA bases = adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil instead of thymine. DNA controls the activities of the cell by directing which proteins to be made. RNA is used in concjunction with DNA:

3. How do RNA molecules assist in making proteins? Through 2 process: Transcription and Translation. Transcription in the nucleus. Translation in the cytoplasm. (more on these later).

4. Recap: Chromosomes are composed of DNA, or individual nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds with complementary base pairs hydrogen bonded. There are millions of nucleotides on one DNA molecule. There may be thousands of genes on each DNA molecule (chromosome), although different chromosomes will have different genes composed of varying numbers of nucleotides.

5. Some genes may only have 75-100 nucletides. But most have at least 1000 nucleotides.

6. 3 types of RNA: mRNA = messenger RNA. tRNA = transfer RNA. rRNA = ribosomal RNA.