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Steurer & Martinuzzi: CSR Policies in the EU-27ESDN Conference 2008, 1 July The role of public authorities in promoting CSR: A „trip through contemporary.

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1 Steurer & Martinuzzi: CSR Policies in the EU-27ESDN Conference 2008, 1 July The role of public authorities in promoting CSR: A „trip through contemporary governance“ (with map & sightseeing) Reinhard Steurer BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna

2 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Government sightseeing

3 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Governance sightseeing Who is in charge here?

4 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Business Government Civil society Source: Steurer 2013 The map for our sightseeing trip … GOVERNANCE: CSR and public policies on CSR are key parts of governance ---- But how fit them into the map?

5 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Business ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Government Civil society Regulation – the traditional way … Source: Steurer 2013

6 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Government sightseeing

7 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Hard regulation sightseeing

8 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Hard regulation sightseeing: Legally mandated solution of acid rain problem

9 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer CSR as new form of regulation Business Government Civil society CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) business self- regulation: businesses specify rules, self- monitor their conduct and self- enforce compliance

10 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer CSR as industry self-regulation

11 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer CSR as new form of regulation Business Government Civil society CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes)

12 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer CSR as business self-regulation Philanthropy

13 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer CSR integration CSR as business self-regulation

14 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer CSR innovation (product or process): first hybrid cars CSR as business self-regulation

15 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes What shapes CSR? CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation

16 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Civil regulation: sightseeing in the North Sea

17 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Civil regulation: sightseeing in the North Sea

18 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer What shapes CSR? Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Private co-regulation - Certification schemes - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) CSR as firm self-regulation - Codes of conduct - Strategic CSR/stake- holder management CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes

19 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Civil co-regulation: sightseeing in supermarkets

20 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Civil co-regulation: sightseeing in supermarkets

21 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer What shapes CSR? Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) ‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation

22 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer What shapes CSR? Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) ‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies Public co-regulation: CSR policies & CSR at the same time CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation

23 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer What shapes CSR? Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) ‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation Public co-regulation: CSR policies & CSR at the same time

24 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes InstrumentsInstruments How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

25 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) b) Economic c) Informational d) Partnering e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

26 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement; o Applying SRI; InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) b) Economic c) Informational d) Partnering e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

27 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic c) Informational d) Partnering e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

28 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes c) Informational d) Partnering e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

29 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer What shapes CSR? Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) ‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation

30 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational d) Partnering e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

31 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

32 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

33 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer What shapes CSR? Business Government Civil society ‚Hard‘ regulation - Legal instruments (laws, decrees) - Economic instruments (taxes, fees, permits, cap-and-trade schemes) Private co-regulation - Certification schemes (FSC, MSC) - Private-private partnerships (Greenfreeze) Civil regulation -Formal standard setting (Rugmark, CERES principles) -Less formalised pressuring of businesses (and governments) (e.g. against genetically modified food in the EU) ‚Soft‘ regulation – or CSR policies CSR as industry self-regulation - Standards/codes - Voluntary agreements - Audit /certification schemes CSR as firm self-regulation - Philanthropy - CSR integration - CSR innovation Public co-regulation: negotiated agreements

34 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regualte private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid Product labels (informational & economic) Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement How public authorities promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010)

35 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Common characteristics & differences (Source: Steurer 2010) Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Common: All CSR policies represent soft regulation (non-binding – and if binding rules: voluntary adoption) BUT big differences: -Scope: Can be rather passive (emphasising business self- regulation) or pro-active (emphasising civil regulation and co- regulation) -Good and bad practices: in every theme with every instrument -Most promising … b) Economic c) Informational d) Partnering e) Hybrid

36 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer How governments promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010) Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid Product labels (informational & economic) Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement

37 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer How governments promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010) Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid Product labels (informational & economic) Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement

38 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer How governments promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010) Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid Product labels (informational & economic) Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement

39 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer How governments promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010) Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid Product labels (informational & economic) Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement

40 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer How governments promote CSR (Source: Steurer 2010) Themes 1. Raise awareness and build capacities for CSR 2. Improve disclosure and transparency 3. Foster Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) 4. Lead by example in o Public procurement o Applying SRI InstrumentsInstruments a) Legal (soft regulation) Laws requiring CSR reporting; regulate private labels Laws enabeling Sustainable Public Procurement (EU-27) b) Economic Support NGOs or civil (co-)regulation schemes SRI tax incentives c) Informational Guidelines for CSR reports Information on Sustainable Public Procurement d) Partnering Negotiated agreements e) Hybrid Product labels (informational & economic) Action plans on Sustainable Public Procurement But „walking the talk“ requires more …

41 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Sightseeing continued … City of Vienna: „ÖkoKauf“ Basics of SPP: -Legal clarity -Action Plan -Information, guidelines & trainings -Budgets Beyond that: -Leadership & lighthouse projects that save (!) money (detergents in hospitals) -Awareness campaigns -Break habits through (often personal) persuasion -Elaborate product criteria & database

42 The role of public authorities in promoting CSR Reinhard Steurer Sightseeing continued … Birmingham City Council: the Charter for Social Responsibility Emilia Romagna Public Procurement Policy City of Malmö: Monitoring compliance with SRPP criteria Region Flanders’ Procurement Policies

43 Steurer & Martinuzzi: CSR Policies in the EU-27ESDN Conference 2008, 1 July Thank you for joinging me on this trip! Reinhard Steurer BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Email: reinhard.steurer@boku.ac.at Main sources (please write me an email if you cannot access them): Steurer, R. (2010): The role of governments in Corporate Social Responsibility: characterising public policies on CSR in Europe, in: Policy Sciences, 43/1, 49-72. Steurer, R. (2013): Disentangling governance: A synoptic view of regulation by government, business and civil society, in: Policy Sciences, 46/4, 387-410.

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