1. Jim Crow Laws Lancaster, Ohio 1938

2. Reconstruction 13 th Amendment—outlawed slavery 14 th & 15 th —guaranteeded African Americans full rights of citizenship The Reconstruction Era brought African Americans into local & national politics

3. Jim Crow Laws By 1877, corrupt politicians & KKK were intimidating blacks while whites regained dominance of local & state governments Laws that favored whites & redefined blacks as second class citizens was segregation These laws were named “Jim Crow” from a popular blackface minstrel song

4. Segregation Blacks & whites were divided in schools, restrooms, waiting rooms, drinking fountains, seating areas for movies, trains, & busses Commercial facilities (restaurants & Laundromats) could refuse blacks service Black participation in elections was limited with poll taxes & other measures

5. Plessey v. Ferguson U.S. Supreme Court approved the use of separate but equal facilities ◦Of course, everything was inherently unequal ◦60 years would pass before laws were changed ◦Other Anti-lynching campaigned in the 1900s focused on the injustices of the South, but not until the 1950s and the Civil Rights Movement would there be real change

6. Examples of Jim Crow Laws That if any Negro, mulatto or other person of color shall intrude himself into…any railroad car or other public vehicle set apart for the exclusive accommodation of white people, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be sentenced to stand in pillory for one hour, or be whipped, not exceedingly thirty-nine stripes, or both, at the discretion of the jury (Florida, 1865)

7. Examples of Jim Crow Laws No property in w white section should ever be sold, rented, advertised, or offered to colored people (Code of Ethics, Real Estate Board of Washington D.C., 1948)

8. Examples of Jim Crow Laws It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation engaged in the business of cotton textile manufacturing in this state to allow or permit operatives, help, and labor of the different races to labor and work together within the same room, or to use the same doors of entrance and exit at the same time,… or to use the same stairway and windows at the same time, or to use at any time the same lavatories, toilets, drinking water buckets, pails, cups, dippers, or glasses (South Carolina, 1950s)

9. Examples of Jim Crow Laws It shall be unlawful for white and colored persons to play together… in any game of cards, dice, dominoes, checkers, pool, billiards, softball, basketball, football, golf, track, and at swimming pools or in any athletic contest. (Montgomery, Alabama, 1958)

10. Georgia "All persons licensed to conduct a restaurant, shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the same room or serve the two races anywhere under the same license." "It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play baseball on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race."

11. Florida "All marriages between a white person and a Negro, or between a white person and a person of Negro descent to the fourth generation inclusive, are hereby forever prohibited."

12. Durham, North Carolina

13. Two different doors