1. Unit 1 Topic: Industrialization and Progressivism (1877-1920) Ignited by post-Civil War demand and fueled by technological advancements, large-scale industrialization began in the United States during the late 1800s. Growing industries enticed foreign immigration, fostered urbanization, gave rise to the American labor movement and developed the infrastructure that facilitated the settling of the West. A period of progressive reform emerged in response to political corruption and practices of big business.

2. Chapter 4: Political and Social Structures Content Statement: Following Reconstruction, old political and social structures reemerged and racial discrimination was institutionalized. Expectations for Learning: Analyze the post- Reconstruction political and social developments that led to institutionalized racism in the United States. Describe institutionalized racist practices in post- Reconstruction America.

3. Section 1: Post Reconstruction State Governments in the South Content Elaboration: The removal of federal troops from the south accompanied the end of Reconstruction and helped lead to the restoration of the Democratic Party’s control of state governments. With the redemption of the South, many reforms enacted by Reconstruction governments were repealed.

4. History of State Governments in the South After Reconstruction Open up the link below. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_ Era http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_ Era

5. Section 2: Jim Crow Laws Content Elaboration: Racial discrimination was institutionalized with the passage of Jim Crow laws. These state laws and local ordinances included provisions to require racial segregation, prohibit miscegenation, limit ballot access and generally deprive African Americans of civil rights.

6. Jim Crow Laws A. After the Civil War (1870’s) A. After the Civil War (1870’s) B. Laws passed to segregate whites and blacks B. Laws passed to segregate whites and blacks C. mostly in Southern states C. mostly in Southern states D. whites controlled state legislatures D. whites controlled state legislatures E. Examples: E. Examples: – 1. literacy tests—had to pass a reading/writing test in order to vote – 2. poll taxes—pay money to vote – 3. grandfather clause (you could only vote if your grandfather had that right) – 4. outlawed marriage between whites and blacks – 5. separate facilities for the 2 races – 6. separate railroad cars for the races – 7. separate restrooms – 8. schools and housing segregated

9. Some Alabama Jim Crow Laws from the 1890’s It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment. It shall be unlawful for a Negro and white person to play together or be in company with each other at any game of pool or billiards. Every employer of white or Negro males shall provide for such white or Negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities.

10. Section 3: Plessy v. Ferguson Content Elaboration: Advocates against racial discrimination challenged institutionalized racism through the courts. The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed segregation in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.

11. Throughout the late 1800’s and most of the 1900’s, there were many challenges to Jim Crow Throughout the late 1800’s and most of the 1900’s, there were many challenges to Jim Crow – A. Homer Plessy: 1/8 black tried to sit in the white car on a train (He lost) – B. Plessy v. Ferguson: separate but equal was Constitutional. (1896) – C. – C. South--things separate 1. schools 2. bathrooms and water fountains 3. could not vote Challenging Jim Crow

12. OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 established the principal of A. one man, one vote B. separate but equal C. runaway slaves were property D. desegregation in schools

13. Section 4: Ku Klux Klan Content Elaboration: The rise of the Ku Klux Klan and other nativist organizations brought increased violence against African Americans.

14. The Great Migration A. The Great Migration –1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in South –2. During war, many migrated north a. escape poverty: get jobs in factories making war items b. escape discrimination –3. Examples a. Cleveland: 300% increase b. Detroit: 600% increase

15. Racial Tensions – 1. After war, whites came home – 2. African-Americans moved into their neighborhoods – 3. whites jobs taken – 4. leads to discrimination/violence

16. Racial violence – 1. Discrimination begins again –2. many bloody race riots in the city – 3. thousands of lynchings took place

17. Lynching Lynching is a characteristic of mob rule and was not always done on the basis of race. American history has always been tinged with race and its mobs have used it as a tactic to persecute African-Americans. The Lynching of African-Americans began after the Civil War and in some ways continues to this day.

18. Ku Klux Klan 1. Formed in the South and West 2. Used terror and violence 3. Hated: a. blacks b. Jews c. Roman Catholics d. all “foreigners” 4. Violence: a. whipped and killed innocent people b. burned buildings c. seldom went to jail 5. KKK blamed these people for the problems: a. race riots b. lack of jobs

19. OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the main reason for the African-American migration of the 1920 ’ s? A. The migration went from south to north to take advantage of the north ’ s climate B. The migration went from south to north because of job opportunities in the northern factories C. The migration went from north to south to take advantage of the south ’ s climate D. The migration went from north to south because of job opportunities in the south