1. Realism Time: Mid 19 th Century Themes: Rejection of Romanticism, Depiction of ordinary people in ordinary situations Characteristics: Lack of drama, landscapes, subjects were common people, instead of aristocrats, emperors, mythical or classical figures Major Figures: Courbet, Millet, Daumier Areas of Influence: France and the Netherlands Key Words: Everyday life, Work

2. The Gleaners- Jean-Francois Millet (1857)

3. The Stone Breakers- Gustave Courbet (1850)

4. Impressionism Time: Late 19 th century Themes: Depiction of how the world is experienced; primacy of color over lines; candid scenes of ordinary people Characteristics: Small, thin, choppy brush strokes; emphasis on the depiction of light; painting was done outside; depiction of movement Major Figures: Manet, Monet, Renoir, Cezanne Areas of Influence: France Key Words: Light, Outdoors, little detail

5. Impression, Sunrise- Claude Monet (1872)

6. A Bar at the Folies-Bergere- Edouard Manet (1882)

7. Hay Harvest at Eragny- Camille Pissarro (1901)

8. Post-Impressionism Time: 1886-1914 Themes: Extended the techniques of Impressionism while avoiding its limitations; they thought Impressionists had lost focus and structure Characteristics: more detailed than Impressionism; deemphasized use of light; Pointillism- small distinct dots are used to create an image; large brush strokes, as in Van Gogh; not a unified school Major Figures: Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec Areas of Influence: France, Key Words: Pointillism, structure, thick brush strokes

9. Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte- George Seurat (1885)

10. The Bathers- Paul Cezanne (1900)

11. The Round of the Prisoners- Vincent Van Gogh (1890)

12. Expressionism Time: Early 20 th Century Themes: Subjective portrayal of the world; express emotions like panic, anxiety, and terror; influenced by Freud’s theory of the unconscious; concern with expressing the artist’s emotions instead of reproducing an event or object. Characteristics: Two-dimensional; bold colors; distorted subjects; paintings that induce strong emotional reactions Major Figures: Klee, Munch, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Van Gogh Areas of Influence: Germany and Austria Key Words: anxiety, dark

13. The Scream- Edvard Munch (1910)

14. Erna- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1930)

15. Cubism Time: after 1910 Themes: Radical break with the ancient idea that the purpose of art is to mirror reality; influenced by African, Native American, and other “primitive” art Characteristics: fragmented subjects; focus on shape and color; multiple perspectives of object presented at once; objects are “broken apart” and put back together into a composite of simple shapes, creating a disjointed image; brown and other neutral colors Major Figures: Picasso, Braque, Leger, Gris Areas of Influence: France, Eastern Europe Key Words: Shapes, non-representational, avant-garde

16. Portrait of Picasso- Juan Gris (1912)

17. Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler- Pablo Picasso (1910)

18. Contrast Questions Respond to one of these prompts in a single paragraph, 6-7 sentences long. Your response should consider both the different artistic schools and the historical context in which the works were painted. 1. Contrast how the state and military forces are depicted in David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps and Goya’s The Third of May. 2. Contrast the depiction of workers in Pissarro’s Hay Harvest at Eragny and Courbet’s The Stone Breakers. 3. Contrast the depiction of women in two of the following: Manet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon, or Kirchner’s Erna 4. Contrast the depiction of dreams, nightmares, and the mind in Fuseli’s The Nightmare and Munch’s The Scream.