1. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Technology—Hardware, Software, and Telecommunications

2. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Information Technology and Computer Literacy  Information technology includes knowledge of: Computers Networks Computer literacy

3. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer Literacy  Computer literacy includes: Knowledge of basic computer concepts The ability to use computers to make tasks easier The ability to use the Internet and World Wide Web

4. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer An electronic device which:  Accepts data as input  Processes that data according to instructions stored in memory  Produces information as output  Stores the results

5. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computers and Health Care  It is especially crucial for allied health students to have a knowledge of computers and networks  The federal government is attempting to make the use of the electronic health record (EHR) and integrated hospital information technology systems universal by 2014

6. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer Classifications  Supercomputer Largest and most powerful at any time Used for scientific applications like weather forecasting and simulations

7. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer Classifications (cont)  Mainframe Used by large institutions (businesses, hospitals, universities) Powerful, multi-user computer; many users access mainframe through terminals Used for data processing tasks, e.g., generating a payroll, processing insurance claims

8. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer Classifications (cont)  Minicomputer Scaled-down mainframe Multi-user Used in small businesses  Microcomputer (PC, desktop)  Single-user; used by individuals

9. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer Classifications (cont)  Personal digital assistants (PDAs) Small, handheld computers Used throughout the healthcare system for references, to gather information, and to write prescriptions

10. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer Classifications (cont)  Embedded computer Single-purpose computer on a chip inside appliances or human beings May be used to regulate a heartbeat or dispense medication, among other uses

11. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Hardware  Includes all the physical parts of the computer; the parts you can see and touch

12. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Input Hardware  Includes all devices used to digitize and input data into the computer

13. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Input Devices  Keyboards  Direct-entry devices Pointing devices  Mouse

14. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Input Devices (cont)  Scanning devices Bar-code reader—scans Universal Product Codes Kurzweil scanner—text is input; voice reading the text aloud is the output

15. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Input Devices (cont)  Scanning devices (cont) MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) OCR (optical character recognition) OMR (optical mark recognition) RFID (radio frequency identification) tags

16. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Processing Hardware  Processing hardware comprises the brains of the computer  Central processing unit and control unit

17. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Central Processing Unit  Control unit controls processing following instructions of program  Arithmetic-logic unit performs arithmetic operations and logical operations (comparisons)

18. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Memory  Random access memory (RAM)— temporary work space, holds current work  Read-only memory (ROM)— permanent, firmware, holds startup instructions

19. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Output Devices  Soft copy Monitors Voice synthesis  Hard copy Printers  Impact  Nonimpact Plotters

20. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Secondary Storage Devices  Magnetic media Diskette Hard disk Magnetic tape

21. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Secondary Storage (cont)  Optical media CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW DVD  Solid state high capacity memory devices Flash memory

22. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Software  System software manages the hardware Operating system Utilities

23. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Software (cont)  Application software does a task for the user Word processors Spreadsheets Database management systems Graphics Communications Specialized packages

24. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Networking and Telecommunications  Connectivity—the fact that computers can be linked for sending and receiving data  Telecommunications —involves phone lines in the linking of computers

25. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Media  Data must follow some path between connected computers Connections can be high bandwidth or low bandwidth, wired or wireless Hospitals use fast T1 lines for moving images Hospitals can use slow connections for email

26. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Protocols  Communications software includes: Technical standards Rules that govern communications between computers

27. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Networks  Allow the sharing of hardware, software, data  Classified by size: LANs, WANs, personal networks using Bluetooth—links your cell phone, pacemaker, etc.

28. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Expansion of Wireless Technology  Cell phones  GPS  WiFi  PDAs

29. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Internet  The Internet is an interconnected network of networks that spans the world  Originated as ARPAnet (1969); subscribes to TCP/IP protocols  Services: exchange of text, data, programs; research; email; MEDLINE; telemedicine; telecommuting

30. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. World Wide Web  World Wide Web Part of the Internet that allows the linking of multimedia documents (Web sites); You must have an Internet connection and software called a browser (Windows Explorer or Netscape Navigator)

31. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The World Wide Web (cont)  The Web is the graphical part of the Internet  Comprised of pages with hyperlinks to other pages  Can be searched using a search engine

32. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Finding Information  Every document has an address URL (Uniform Resource Locator) which you can enter if you know it  Browsing: start anywhere and click on links to other sites

33. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Search Tools  Search engines Ask, Google Allow the user to enter a search expression and finds documents with the matching phrase  Subject guides or directories Yahoo Organize information into categories

34. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Evaluating Information  There are no standards governing the quality of information on the Internet; much of it is unreliable  Some questions to ask when judging reliability of information: Is the site maintained by an educational (.edu), nonprofit (.org), or government (.gov) institution? Is it maintained by an individual (address may include ~)? Is the site maintained by a commercial organization (.com) that is trying to sell you something?

35. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Evaluating Information (cont)  Does the page have an author?  Has the page been updated recently?  Does the information make sense and can it be supported by other sources?  Be careful of conflicts of interest on any site, even the FDA. For example, much of the drug budget for the FDA comes from the drug companies it regulates.