1. 1 INCIDENT COMMAND for SCHOOL OFFICIALS

2. 2 Presenters Donald Smith – Center for Safe Schools Joseph Rupe – Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency Mike Hurley – Carlisle Area School District Roger Kohr – Cumberland County Emergency Management

3. 3 WHAT IS ICS? ICS is the model tool for command, control, and coordination of a response and provides a means to coordinate the efforts of individual agencies Agencies work toward the common goal of stabilizing the incident and protecting life, property, and the environment. C3C3

4. 4

5. 5 WHY ICS? ICS uses principles that have been proven to improve efficiency and effectiveness in a business setting and applies the principles to emergency response.

6. 6 When is ICS Utilized? Hazardous Materials Incident Planned Events Response to Natural Hazards/Events Single and multiple agency incidents Need for comprehensive resource management strategies

7. 7 When is ICS Utilized? Fires Multiple casualty incidents Multi-jurisdictional/multi-agency incidents Air, rail, water or ground transportation accidents Wide area search and rescue incidents Pest eradication programs Private sector emergency management

8. 8 ICS All risks system Appropriate for emergencies and non- emergency events Proven Successful –Common organizational structure –Key management principles in a standardized way

9. 9 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Foundations rooted in California during the 1970’s wild fires - FIRESCOPE Based upon military (USMC) chain of command

10. 10 LEGAL PERSPECTIVE Required by SARA Must be used for HAZ-MAT situations

11. 11 PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE Every complex job needs organized Management of an emergency is complex ICS is a proven method of organization

12. 12 ICS is an expandable system of management It is a nationally recognized standard It is workable from small incidents to large disasters Currently used by community response organizations

13. 13 ICS Concept #1 Every emergency needs managed –Traffic accident Two vehicles – 10 vehicles with HAZ-MAT –Fire Shed fire – large wildfire No matter how small or how large –certain tasks or functions need performed

14. 14 ICS Concept #2 Every incident WILL have an Incident Commander "It will help to remember this!" Someone needs to be in charge

15. 15 ICS Concept #3 Span of Control No person is in charge of more than 7 people –Optimum is 5 –If large numbers doing the same thing this number may be 10(as in supervising students)

16. 16 ICS Concept #4 Common Terminology Same word = same meaning for all Learn terminology before the emergency Common Objectives Set objectives Set time frame to achieve objectives

17. 17 ICS Principles SCHOOL ICSICSICSICS FIRE POLICE EM OTHERS; PARENTS MEDIA Etc.

18. 18 ICS Terms & Acronyms IC – Incident Command CP – Command Post PIO – Public Information Officer IAP – Incident Action Plan

19. 19 HOW they Relate Incident Command used is an adaptation of true emergency services ICS Challenges face schools with different size staffs and organizational structures

20. 20 Chain of Command Must be clearly defined – in advance Must have depth of positions May not follow normal (non-emergency) channels

21. 21 Chain of Command - continued Specify duties by position not person At least two back up persons for each position Assignments must be supported by appropriate training

22. 22 Command Post Must remain a constant management flow IC must remain at the CP If person leaves they delegate command

23. 23 Duties of Commander Assess the situation –Priority at every incident Incident stability Life Safety Know resources available

24. 24 Duties of Commander(continued) Determine strategy for implementing the plan for success Monitor the Plan –Working or Not Working

25. 25 Duties of Commander(continued) Adjust the plan as needed Document – Document – Document Job not complete until post-incident report is complete

26. 26 Incident Commander Initially, the Incident Commander will be the senior first-responder to arrive at the scene

27. 27 Most incidents do NOT require additional command positions

28. 28

29. 29 ICS Organization Incident Commander Operations Safety Officer Liaison Officer Information Officer PlanningLogistics Finance/Admin

30. 30 Five Command Functions Incident Commander Operations PlanningLogistics Finance/Admin

31. 31 Plans Unit ( planning or intelligence) Planning strategies to handle event Charged with keeping track of the “big picture” Documentation Strategy given to operations section

32. 32 Operations Fire suppression Evacuation First Aid Search and Rescue Child Accounting Intelligence Reporting Initial Damage Assessment Carries out the tasks set by the plans section

33. 33 Operations Operations chief keeps the planning section updated as tasks are completed and information is gathered

34. 34 Logistics Section Processes resources: –Person-power –Supplies –Equipment KEY FACTOR = Communications

35. 35 Finance/Administration Responsible for buying Keeping financial records Timekeeping ICS needs an individual to coordinate finances for potential reimbursement

36. 36 School ICS Organization Principal (School Commander) Science Teacher (Operations Chief) English Teacher (Information Officer) Health Teacher (Safety Officer) Assistant Principal (Liaison Officer) History Teacher (Planning Chief) Social Studies Teacher (Logistics Chief) Math Teacher (Finance/Admin Chief)

37. 37 School Site ICS Structure School Commander Safety Officer Liaison Officer Information Officer PlanningLogistics Admin Documentation Situation Analysis Operations Security Search&Rescue Medical Student Care Student Release Crisis Response

38. 38 Expanded Organization School Commander Operations Safety Officer Liaison Officer Public Information Officer PlanningLogisticsFinance/Admin Situation Analysis Documentation Security Search & Rescue Student Care Timekeeping Staffing Communications Supplies Purchasing Medical

39. 39 Staff Positions Incident Commander Safety Officer Liaison Officer Information Officer

40. 40 Incident Commander Staff Positions COMMAND STAFF Safety Officer PIO – Public Information Officer Liaison Officer

41. 41 Safety Officer May be retained by IC May be appointed

42. 42 Safety Officer Responsible for monitoring and assessing safety hazards or unsafe conditions and for ensuring personal safety

43. 43 PIO Public Information Officer Located directly under the incident commander and off to the side Determined by –Size of the incident –Type of emergency –Size of staff –District Policy

44. 44 PIO Reports directly to the incident commander Must be well informed at all times All staff should refer questions to PIO No one else talks to media

45. 45 Liaison Officer Incident command may appoint a liaison officer Coordinates with outside agencies Unified command may absorb school incident commander

46. 46 Every organization differs Size of staff Size of student body Type of student body Size of facility Layout of facility

47. 47 OPERATIONS sub groups Child Accounting/student care Medical Search and Rescue Reunification Transportation

48. 48 Child Accounting Most important in most school situations Taking role – staff and students Protection from weather Sanitation needs Food & water Much of this responsibility rests with classroom teacher

49. 49 Students Need to Know

50. 50 Medical Triage Treatment Psychological first aid

51. 51 Search and Rescue Emergency Response Teams Deployed from command post Locate missing persons

52. 52 Fire Fighting Extremely small fires only

53. 53 If you can’t put it out with 1 extinguisher EVACUATE !

54. 54 Utility Shut Off If necessary Correct tools Correct procedures

55. 55 Safety Precautions Traffic Control Barricades Pedestrian Control Security may be separate team

56. 56 Initial Damage Assessment Building safe to re-enter Amount of damage

57. 57 Concepts and Principles of Incident Command Systems It is an adaptable, time tested and proven method of handling all size events

58. 58 Common Terminology Essential Name the Event –Generally by location –School Command / Fishing Creek Command Plain English NOT codes

59. 59 Modular Organization Top down in nature IC activates other functional areas Layered structure –Top two command and general staff

60. 60 Unity of Command Each person within the organization reports to only one designated person

61. 61 Unified Command All agencies with responsibility manage by establishing a common set of incident objectives Does not mean giving up agency authority, responsibility or accountability If authority is not relinquished it is retained!

62. 62 Major Incident Incident Commander Safety Officer Liaison Officer Information Officer PlanningLogistics Admin All Agencies Operations Police Fire School Red CrossDistrict Staging

63. 63 Manageable Span of Control How many individuals one supervisor can manage effectively? ICS=span of control is 3 to 7 5 is the optimum number

64. 64 BE AWARE ! Paper Plan Syndrome Illusion of preparedness Frequently outdated Administrators eyes only Plans not exercised

65. 65 Perfect Practice Makes Perfect Practice the Use of These Procedures in Mock Situations, Before You Really Need It

66. 66 Size-Up Nature of incident? Hazards present? Area affected? Area to be isolated? Where to locate CP and staging? Ingress and egress points/routes?

67. 67 Contingency Determining what could happen IC must consider any possible developments in addition to the current situation during the planning process

68. 68  The hazardous material and its configuration  The population at risk  Time factors Meteorological conditions  Communications capabilities  Emergency response capabilities ADEQUATE RESOURCES ARE VITAL TO EFFECTIVE PROTECTIVE ACTIONS - Resources are necessary to initiate and control the protective action to achieve the maximum effectiveness in protecting our students and staff. - "Pre-incident" planning for resource mobilization to implement protective actions can facilitate the speed and effectiveness of the action.

69. 69 Un-Met Needs Resources you do not have and need –Pre-known/planned for –Discovered during emergency response

70. 70 Transfer of Command To a more experienced person To a designated person During long term operations

71. 71 Transfer Briefing Incident conditions IAP and current status Safety considerations and concerns Deployment and assignment of operating units and personnel Resource status and deployment Use of forms beneficial

72. 72 Incident Action Plans May not be written at smaller incidents Based on incident needs and ICS organization Developed for specific time periods (operational periods = not to exceed 12 hours)

73. 73 Incident Command Post The location at which the primary command functions take place. The incident commander remains at the ICP Can be co-located at the base Name after location of incident

74. 74 Staging Area Locations set up at an incident where resources can be placed while awaiting tactical assignment. Staging areas are managed by the operations section. Must have a manager in charge

75. 75 Command Post Established as the first responsibility of the incident commander When command is established clear lines of authority and communications for the incident are established Every incident needs an ICP established

76. 76 Command Post One per incident even if multiple agencies or jurisdictions are involved May be moved with clear communications to all parties involved

77. 77 Where to establish the ICP Position away from the general noise and confusion associated with the incident Position outside the area of present and potential hazards Position the ICP within view of the incident when possible

78. 78 ICP Location Capabilities EXPANSION SECURITY IDENTIFICATION

79. 79

80. 80 Treatment Areas Relatively close to each other Oral communications between areas Shared access to medical supplies Easy transfer of patients whose status had changed

81. 81 Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) Written document that describes how a community or organization will do business during an emergency.

82. 82 EOP Assigns responsibility to organizations and individuals for carrying out specific actions at projected times and places in an emergency. Sets for the lines of authority and organizational relationships, and shows how all actions will be coordinated.

83. 83 EOP Identifies personnel, equipment, facilities, supplies, and other resources available— within the jurisdiction or by agreement with other jurisdictions—for use during response and recovery operations. Describes how people and property will be protected in emergencies and disasters.

84. 84 Identifies steps to address mitigation concerns during response and recovery operations. EOP

85. 85 Pre-Deployment Readiness PLAN A H E A D P-P-P-P-P-P

86. 86 SCHOOL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN THE IMPORTANCE OF PRE-INCIDENT PLANNING TO ENHANCE EMERGENCY RESPONSE DECISION-MAKING The planning process can reduce uncertainty in response operations. The process can provide information about hazards, resources and vulnerabilities that cannot be easily obtained during an emergency. Protective action planning can facilitate decision-making by identifying initial actions, decision policies, and an effective decision process.

87. 87 Planning Sessions Drills & Exercises Remember : Planning is an ongoing process!

88. 88 Assemble a Go Kit Things you will need at every incident Identification Pens, pencils, markers Paper ICS forms, agency forms Appropriate EOP materials

89. 89 Assemble a Go Kit (Continued): Other policies, procedures or instructions Maps Aerial photos Masking tape, push pins Clipboard ICS vests, flags etc…

90. 90 Assemble a Go Kit Continued – page three Flashlights, glow sticks Laptop Palm PC Surge protectors, software etc…

91. 91 Personal Preparedness 72 hour bag Clothing Toiletries Flashlight Medications Snacks Reading/entertainment

92. 92 After Hours Emergencies Can you function if you are denied access to your office?

93. 93 How long? Crime Scene = No Access ?

94. 94 RECORD KEEPING Follow all procedures mandated by local authorities Remember the report will need to be completed Reimbursement may depend on the reports

95. 95 Communications Do not use the radio or telephone unless authorized to do so. Never use codes when communicating at an incident. Always limit radio and telephone traffic to essential information only. Land line and cellular service may be limited – keep lines open as an option

96. 96 KEEPING A PERSPECTIVE ON THE TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS “All the details and lots of effort” “Lets be practical” The recommendations in this training program need to be adapted to your school’s specific situation and resources available for planning.