1. Business Logistics 420 Urban Transportation Fall 2000 Lectures 6: Coping with Edge City Transportation Problems: Livable Cities, Transit-Friendly Land Use, and Transportation Demand Management

2. Lecture Objectives Understand the range of possible “solutions” to the Edge City transportation problem and the consequences of each solution Understand the role of public transit as one of several transportation demand management strategies Understand the meaning and scope of activities included in the current “livable cities” movement

3. Results of Edge City Traffic More congestion Lost productivity (hours of delay) Increased pollution Lower quality of life Increased cost of living

4. Managing Traffic in the Edge City Do nothing More infrastructure “Build our way out” Land Use Controls Travel demand management Expanded transit usage

5. Building More Infrastructure Build our way out Problems –Limited funds –Lack of available right of way –Citizen opposition –Probably not a long-run solution Despite all of these problems, we still try to add capacity to solve problems

6. Land Use Controls Land use – the overall built environment –How land is used and organized –Size, density, design, use mix, etc. Land Use Strategies –Density –Mixed-use –Jobs-housing balance

7. Transportation Demand Management (TDM) TDM – a process to alleviate traffic problems through improved management of trip demand TDM Strategies –Provide alternatives to auto travel –Improve transportation system efficiency –Discourage auto use

8. Alternatives to Auto Use Expanded transit service Park and Ride services Shuttle systems Pedestrian friendliness Employee transit subsidies Bicycling

9. Improved System Efficiency Increasing vehicle utilization from 1.2 persons per vehicle to ? –Carpooling –Vanpooling –Informal carpooling (Slugging) –Other high occupancy vehicles (subscription bus) Spread peak period demand –Flextime –Staggered work hours –Modified work schedules (ex. 4, 10-hour days)

10. Discouraging Auto Usage Parking management –Limit supply –Preference for ridesharing –Reduced or no free parking Traffic reduction ordinances –Trip reduction goals for employers –“Workplace coordinators” –Included in property covenants Transportation Management Associations (TMA)

11. Expand Transit Usage Increase attractiveness of transit Enhance service Provide accessibility

12. Increase Transit Attractiveness Reduce attractiveness of auto travel Give priority to transit Expand service levels Increased land use densities Mixed use development (All of the above are “livable cities” concepts)

13. Enhance Transit Service Express Buses Expanded Schedules HOV lanes

14. Livable Cities Concept Provide more travel options than the private car, especially walking, bike, transit Increase density of development and mix of land uses –Smaller lots –Auto access from alleys –Mixed land use to allow for “corner store”

15. Other Livable Cities Concepts Slower growth (“smart growth”) Traffic calming Transit options –More service –Transit friendly development Site design to encourage transit, walking, not cars More intense mixed use near stations

16. Study Questions What is TDM and what strategies are included in this approach? What are TMAs or TMOs and what role do they play in solving urban mobility problems? What are the most successful demand management strategies? If you were “in charge” what would you do to make our cities more “livable”?