1. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 1 ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: ACTUAL SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION Alessandro BERTANI CESI – Milano, I Claudio BOSSI CESI – Milano, I Bruno DELFINO University of Genoa, I Norbert LEWALD Stadtwerke Karlsruhe, D Stefano MASSUCCO University of Genoa, I Elmar METTEN MVV Energie AG, D Tim MEYER Fraunhofer ISE, D Federico SILVESTRO University of Genoa, I Irena WASIAK Technical University of Lodz, PL

2. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 2 DISPOWER: Distributed Generation with high penetration of renewable energy sources project n° NNE5-2001-00075

3. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 3 Work package descriptions WP 1: Grid stability and control WP 2: Power quality and safety WP 3: Socio-economic issues WP 4: Planning, training and operation tools for regional supply systems WP 5: Information, communication and electricity trading WP 6: Test facilities for grid stability and control WP 7: Implementation of RE technology for regional supply systems WP 8: Test facilities for power quality in DG grids WP 9: Operation and quality management tools in low voltage grids WP 10: Pilot installations and monitoring of distributed power generators in low voltage grids WP 11:Overall assessment of DG in local power supply systems

4. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 4 Work Package 1 & 2 Work Package 1 (Grid stability and control) is intended to develop equipment and system models capable of ensuring effective and economical operation of electrical networks with high penetration of distributed renewable energy sources. Work Package 2 (Power quality and safety) will identify new standard requirements for grid connection of decentralized power generators with particular attention to islanding operation problems and the development of innovative protection methodologies and systems.

5. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 5 Work Package 3 & 4 & 5 Work Package 3 (Socio-economic issues) is oriented to evaluate the influence of new communication technologies and distributed networks on the development of supply, consumption and distribution of electricity. Work Package 4 (Planning, training and operational tools for regional supply systems) aims at adapting existing tools for planning, design, operation of distributed generation systems. Work Package 5 (Information, communication and electricity trading) will develop an internet-based information network for fast and secure data exchange and management.

6. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 6 Work Package 6 & 7 Work Package 6 (Test facilities for stability and control) The new concepts developed in the previous work packages need to be tested in the partners’ laboratories. Test sites will include distributed generators and communication facilities. Work Package 7 (Implementation of renewable energy technology for regional supply systems) will elaborate scenarios of long term perspectives for distributed generation in Europe. Both interconnected grids and weak and/or isolated networks will be considered.

7. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 7 Work Package 8 & 9 Work Package 8 (Test facilities for power quality in DG grids) will realize a flexible low voltage grid structure. The scope is to evaluate different scenarios for the implementation of distributed energy sources and energy storage devices. A test facility with over 200 kW of installed power is already under development at CESI (Milano, Italy). Work Package 9 (Operation and quality management tools in low voltage grids) will develop a “Power Operation and Power Quality management system” which will be used to control energy flows and power quality in low voltage grids with concepts allowing for use of low cost equipment.

8. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 8 Work Package 10 & 11 Work Package 10 (Pilot installations and monitoring of distributed power generators in low voltage grids) Experimental sites will be realized for the testing of distributed generators at low voltage level. Actually installed pilot sites are expected to be used at MVV (Dannenberg, Germany), at Iberdrola (San Agustin del Guadalix, Spain), at Stadtwerke (Karlsruhe, Germany). Work Package 11 (Overall assessment of DG in local supply systems) will coordinate the presentation and dissemination of results through publications and workshops.

9. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 9 Power Quality Operation and Management system:POMS PoMS is a communication infrastructure and optimisation tool for low voltage grids which is expected to perform power quality monitoring and control and to optimize grid operation through distributed generation control and demand side load management A PoMS system implementation consists of a central PoMS unit and a communication infrastructure, which connects DG and measurement units to PoMS.

10. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 10 Power Quality Operation and Management system:POMS collect information about topology situation and power quality provide local strategies for power quality and security improvement; generates schedules for economically (cost) and technically (power quality) optimised operation of controllable generators and loads;

11. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 11

12. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 12 National Grid Structures Within the first activities of WP 2 and WP 9 in DISPOWER, an overview of different network structures (Italy, Spain, UK, Germany, Poland) and a preliminary classification has been performed. The aim is to find solutions and concepts that can be applied easily to a certain class of systems. Thus, a detailed description of the Low Voltage grids has been started by collecting the following information/ parameters.

13. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 13 National Grid Structure

14. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 14 Operating criteria

15. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 15 Equipment and automation

16. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 16 Load types and characteristics

17. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 17 LV network classification Radial operationRing operationLink operationMeshed operation 1 transformersXX 2 transformersXXX =>3 transformersXXXX

18. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 18 Possible networks for the DISPOWER goals: 7

19. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 19 Test sites Within DISPOWER, four test sites will be set up in order to evaluate the performances of active networks and the POMS strategies. –A test Facility will be installed at CESI, Milan –MVV Energie AG will build up a solar settlement at the location “Querdeich”, Dannenberg, Germany –The IBERDROLA Technology Demonstration Centre (TDC) near Madrid –As a fourth test site, Stadtwerke Karlsruhe Germany, SWK

20. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 20 CESI test site

21. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 21 Test facility: structure The topology grid and distributed resources configuration can be changed using control command to the transfer switches interconnection board. Meters Synchronism unit LOADS FIELD BIOMASS DISH STIRLING Hybrid PV system MCFC+  T  T 1  T 2 PEMREDOX VARIABLE LOAD BUS-BAR 2 BUS-BAR 1 LOAD BUS-BAR Der. 1 Der. 2 Der. 3 VARIABLE LOAD LV Transfer switches board TELE-CONTROLLED SWITCHES + INTERFACE PROTECTIONS    FLY WHEEL PoMS 800 kVA

22. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 22 Test facility: Solar Dish Stirling (1) CESI Eurodish: European Dish Stirling solar generator system (3rd prototype in the world) based on the SOLO 161 Stirling motor parabolic concentrator, 8.5 m diameter, 56 m² 2000 suns, temperature 800°C Two axis tracking: azimuth & elevation 10 kWe 400 Vac 3 phase Asynchronous alternator grid connected

23. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 23 Test facility: Vanadium Redox Battery (1) 42 kW 84 kWh Electrolyte tanks Stack Nominal Voltage 125 V Maximum Current 500 A Operative Voltage 100 ÷ 155 V Number of cells 100 Manufacturer SUMITOMO

24. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 24 CESI Test facility: communication CESI Test facility: Wireless communication Wireless bridge AIRONET from Cisco: up to 20 km with special antenna, data connection speed from 1 to 11 Mb/s. Protocol is IEEE 802.11 (named Wi-Fi) Units must be provided with PCMCIA or PCI cards Already used to interface PV hybrid system and Solar Dish Stirling with their remote control sites. antenna

25. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 25 Pilot Installation MVV: Solar Settlement Querdeich Pilot Installation MVV: Solar Settlement Querdeich 6.64 kW p thin film PV system First office building inaugurated in July 2002 Integrated energy concept: Biomass district heating & distributed generation Goals of pilot installation: Demonstrate high (premium) power quality in LV grids with high penetration of decentralised generation Develop measuring concepts for pilot installations, having future massive distributed generation in mind Demonstrate remote monitoring and control of representative pilot installation sites Foto: Pohlmann & Partner

26. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 26 LV grid: - 400 kVA-Transformer station: 20/0,4kV - open-ring/ closed ring operation Loads: - private houses - office building - assisted living - nursing home DG-Generators: - PV-Generator: 121kWp - CHP (BHKW): approx. 50kW - Battery storage: 50kW/20min. PQ Monitoring: - SimeasQ (Siemens) or Mavolog (GM) - Topas 1000 (LEM) Pilot Installation MVV: Current Concept Pilot Installation MVV: Current Concept Source: Architektenbüro Pohlmann

27. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 27 Transformer: 400kVA; 20 / 0,4 kV Communication Central energy and power quality management: PoMS 30 kWp PV Combined Heat and Power Unit 50 kW Battery Storage 50 kW/20min. kWh PV 120 kWp CHP MVV Pilot Installation: Configuration Design 18 x 5 kWp PV kWh PQ - Recorder Electricity meter DC/AC Inverter PQ kWh (optional) Distribution box PQ kWh

28. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 28 End Thank you for your attention

29. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 29 Radial 1 and radial 2 LV Network in radial configuration: –radial 1 (rural ) –radial 2 (urban)

30. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 30 Link 1 and 2 LV Network in link configuration: –Link 1 (rural ) –Link 2 (urban)

31. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 31 Ring 1 and 2 LV Network in ring configuration: –ring 1 (rural ) –ring 2 (urban)

32. SILVESTRO IT Session Alpha – Block 5 – Question 5.29 Barcelona 12-15 May 2003 32 Mesheable configuration