1. Ch. 25 Important Information

2. How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increase crop yields?

3. A) by allowing more land to rest
B) by increasing nutrients in the soil
C) by ensuring that more of the seeds that were planted actually sprouted
D) by decreasing the amount of land used to grow nutrient-depleting crops

4. Answer:
B. By increasing nutrients in the soil

5. Which of the following did NOT increase as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?

6. A) urbanization
B) the size of the middle class
C) the length of the average work day
D) the life expectancy of the average worker

7. Answer:
- D – the life expectancy of the
average worker

8. Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?

9. A) Adam Smith
B) John Stuart Mill
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) William Wilberforce

10. Answer:
- A – Adam Smith

11. Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should:

12. A) leave the economy alone.
B) actively plan the economy.
C) destroy the economy.
D) allow the economy to be controlled by the bourgeoise.

13. Answer:
B. Actively Plan the Economy

14. Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?

15. A. protect the nation's industries from foreign competition
B. establish minimum wages and maximum working hours
C. give government complete control of the means of production
D. refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic matters

16. Answer:
D. refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic matters

17. Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country?

18. A. long working hours
B. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
C. inadequate housing
D. excessive garbage

19. Answer:
B. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions

20. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?

21. A. It created technology to clean them.
B. It made them lose valuable sources of food.
C. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
D. It made the crime rate drop.

22. Answer:
C. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.

23. Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?

24. A. abolition of slavery
B. women's rights
C. public education
D. all of the above

25. Answer:
D. all of the above

26. What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?

27. A. unions
B. strikes
C. collective bargaining
D. utilitarianism

28. Answer:
A. unions

29. What was the Industrial Revolution?

30. A. increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields
B. increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the
18th-century
C. a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a
week
D. increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s

31. Answer:
B. increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the
18th-century

32. Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?

33. A. Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.
B. Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.
C. Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
D. All of the above are true.

34. Answer:
D. All of the above are true.

35. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?

36. A. land, labor, capital
B. government, military, colonies
C. raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods
D. road, railway, and water transport

37. Answer:
A. land, labor, capital

38. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurrred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?

39. A. poor crop yields
B. industrialization
C. improved living conditions in cities
D. more efficient transportation systems

40. Answer:
B. industrialization

41. How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?

42. A. regarded highly
B. looked down upon
C. as equals
D. as outcasts

43. Answer:
B. looked down upon

44. What is the laissez-faire policy?

45. A. a policy that allowed labor to set working conditions based on votes on issues relevant to their industry
B. a policy where labor created a committee to set working standards without interference from industry owners
C. a policy that taught owners of industry how to set working conditions based on government standards
D. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference

46. Answer:
D. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government
interference