1. Part 12 Cultural Studies Readings 7 and 8

2. Chapter 7 Television Culture: John Fiske Introduction: ● Codes of representation -actors, clothes, dialogue, camera shots, and setting. “Television broadcasts programs that are replete with potential meanings, and… it attempts to control and focus this meaningfulness into a more singular preferred meaning that performs the work of dominant ideology.” -John Fiske

3. The Codes of Television ● Code ● Social Codes: technical codes, conventional representation codes, and ideological codes. ● “Reality” is encoded ● Purpose of ideological codes Do you agree that reality is encoded?

4. Camera Work ●Mid-shot/ Close up ●Extreme close ups (ECUs) representing villainy ●ECU’s can also represent hostility and intimacy. Why do you think ECU’s represent hostility and intimacy?

5. Editing and Music ● Longer scenes and shots for heroes than villains ● Changing key of music when switched to villain.

6. Casting,Setting, and Costume HEROES ● Heroes are more attractive and successful ● Violence = more kills ● Hero’s cabin more humanized and attractive ● Hero’s wear nicer clothing. VILLAINS ●Less attractive/ successful ●Violence = gets killed :( ●Villain’s cabin more harsh ●Villain wears uniform Do you think that the villains in films and T.V. shows today portray these characteristics?

7. Make-up, Action, and Dialogue ● Example: lipstick ● Action similarities: -Women prettying themselves -Men are planning -Differences: Cooperation and closeness Dialogue: Hero’s speak more casually and villains talk about plans

8. Ideological Codes “ The reading position is the social point at which the mix of televisual, social, and ideological codes come together to make coherent, unified sense: in making sense of the program in this way we are indulging in an ideological practice ourselves, we are maintaining and legitimating the dominant ideology, and our reward for this is the easy pleasure of the recognition of the familiar and of its adequacy.” (p.1281) ● Regaining contradictory signs back into dominant system.

9. Chapter 8 Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity: Adam Krims “Music does not… simply provide a marker in a preconstructed social space, but the means by which this space can be transformed.” (Stokes 1994, p.13) ● Music and establishing culture identity ● Ice Cube “The Nigga Ya Love to Hate” representing culture identity ● Vision of Black ethnicity ● Rap Pattern Context

10. 20th Century: Era of a New Culture -Modern Culture vs. Old Culture - Questions: Who are we? - Result: Lost of authenticity -Old concepts have changed "What are the essential elements and boundaries of a culture?"(Clifford, pg.8)

11. Cultural Identity - Cultural identity: - Not just looking back(Past) - But Forward(Future) also "Need to stage authenticity in opposition to external, often dominating alternatives"(p.12) How do you identify yourself?

12. Music and Cultural Identity -Music is universal -Ties with Cultural Identity -Ethnic differences told through music "Subcultures borrow from the dominant culture..signs of the dominant culture are "there"..but constituting a different subversive whole"(p19)

13. Music: "Gangsta" Rap - Establishment of Ethnic Identity -Ice Cube: Original rapper in genre ·"The MC himself is the persona"(p.1286) - He is the, "voice from the streets" -The experiences people can relate to Compare rap music w/ today and how it was before, has it changed its meaning?

14. Rap Music/ Culture -The Bomb Squad -"Politically engaged rap music"(p.1287) -Black Nationalism - Against Hegemonic Culture -Injustices:People (blacks) follow this culture How can this relate to the melting pot theory?

15. Rap Music: Patterned Context -Ice Cube's "The Nigga Ya Love to Hate" -Technique of layering(Layering Graph) -Beginning of line corresponds to downbeat "Given the then-novel complexity and ambitiousness of the [Bomb Squad]"(p.1288) Interaction: Black Revolutionary Identity

16. Hearing Between The Lines “The song stages, among other things, Ice Cube's role in political and cultural resistance to the dominant white culture” (p.1292). -Analytical View point: -Entertainment vs. Education -The different beats within: -How it all was, How it is now, and How it will be. -Elements the Song hits: Americanization of Black Culture

17. Ch.7 & 8: The Similarity Within -Modern American Culture: -Impact with Identity -Capitalists Social media -Hierarchical ideals & Cultural Identity -Dominance over anything affects who a person defines themselves as.

18. Differences of Ch.7 and 8 ● Ch.7 how codes of representation are being encoded into T.V. shows -social codes on T.V. are subliminal ● Ch.8 Ice Cube confronting the government and Black identity -search for identity more visible.

19. References Rivkin, L and Ryan B. (2004). A Literary Theory: An Anthology. N.Y. Blackwell Publishing. 2nd Ed. pp. 1274-1285. PICTURES: http://twscritic.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/for-a-few-dollars-more-villain-e1354385172468.png http://fc09.deviantart.net/fs70/i/2013/330/e/e/maleficent_and_aurora_by_iago_rotten- d6vpvr6.jpg http://www.monicamarelli.com/files/images/storie/sto-allospecchio.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_hXDdVNIOzGc/TJwxmSsnWmI/AAAAAAAABBY/8XB0AsmFWkw/s1600/ice +cube+-+amerikkka's+most+wanted.jp g Website Sources: http://sociology.about.com/od/M_Index/g/Melting-Pot.htm