1. Research and Higher Education Networking: A New Internet? Douglas E. Van Houweling President & CEO Internet2 University of Montana Monday, 17 September 2007 Gallagher Business Bldg., Room 122

2. Overview Where we have been, and why –Internet2 Innovation in higher education and research networking Implications for infrastructure Implications for the Internet The future: What we need to do

3. History & Background ARPANet 1987– NSFNet Regional networks 1990 -- Advanced Network and Services 1994 -- WWW 1994 -- Commercialization 1997 -- Next Generation Internet Initiative & Internet2

4. What is Internet2? Membership organization with more than: –200 universities –70 corporations –40 affiliated organizations Supported by membership dues & fees Budget more than $30 million per year

5. What Does Internet2 Do? Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet

6. Internet2 Universities 209 University Members as of August 2007

7. Internet2 Affiliate Members ACUTA Altarum American Distance Education Consortium Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) CERN Charles R. Drew University Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Cleveland Institute of Music Cleveland Museum of Art Coalition for Networked Information Desert Research Institute EDUCAUSE ESnet Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Howard Hughes Medical Institute Indiana Higher Education Telecommunications System (IHETS) Inter-American Development Bank Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory The Library of Congress Los Alamos National Laboratory Manhattan School of Music NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Marshall Space Flight Center National Archives and Records Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Geographic National Institutes of Health NOAA – Washington, D.C. National Science Foundation New World Symphony NIST Oak Ridge National Laboratory OSTN (Open Student Television Network) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Ruth Lily Health Education Center SURA TOPIX U.S. Census Bureau United Nations System of Organizations United States Antarctic Program United States Dept. of Commerce Boulder Labs United States Holocaust Memorial Museum University Corporation for Atmospheric Research University of North Carolina General Administration The World Bank

8. Internet2 R&E Network Members 3ROX CEN CENIC CIC OmniPoP CPE FLR GPN Indiana GigaPoP KanREN LEARN LONI MAGPI MAX MCNC Merit Network MOREnet MREN NJEDge.Net Northern Lights GigaPoP NOX NYSERNet OARnet OneNet OSCnet OSHEAN Pacific Northwest GigaPoP PeachNet SOX UEN WiscNet

9. State Education Networks Connected to Internet2

10. Internet2 Corporate Partners

11. Internet2 Corporate Sponsors Arbor Networks Campus Televideo Codian, Inc. Foundry Networks inSORS Integrated Communications Polycom Worldwide RADVISION TANDBERG VBrick Systems

12. Internet2 Corporate Members ADVA Optical Networking Apparent Networks Arbinet-thexchange, Inc. C-SPAN Caterpillar, Inc. Cdigix Cedar Point Communications Comcast Cable Communications CommuniGate Systems EBSCO Information Services Education Networks of America, Inc. Fujitsu Laboratories of America Global Crossing Google HaiVision Systems, Inc. Johnson & Johnson KDDI Corporation LifeSize Communications Lucent Technologies Media Links, Inc. Napster, LLC Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) Northrop Grumman Information Technology OCLC Online Computer Library Center OpVista, Inc. RIAA Red Hat, Inc. Ruckus Network, Inc. Schlumberger Steelcase, Inc. The Thomson Corporation Verizon Business Video Furnace, Inc. VoEx, Inc Warner Bros.

13. Current International Partners Asia-Pacific AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) ANF (Korea) CERNET/CSTNET/ NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) MYREN/MDeC (Malaysia) NECTEC/UNINET (Thailand) PERN (Pakistan) REANNZ (New Zealand) SingAREN (Singapore) NCHC/TANet (Taiwan) Americas CANARIE (Canada) CEDIA (Ecuador) CLARA (Latin America & Caribbean) CNTI (Venezuela) CR2NET (Costa Rica) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP [FAPESP] (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) Europe ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) FCCN (Portugal) GARR (Italy) GIP- RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) PSNC/PIONER (Poland) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) RIPN (Russia) SANET (Slovakia) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) Africa MCIT [EUN/ENSTINET] (Egypt) TENET (South Africa) Middle East Etisalat University College (UAE) Israel-IUCC (Israel) Qatar Foundation (Qatar) South Asia ERNET/CDAC (India)

14. Internet2 International Partners

15. Summary Internet2 started October 1996 From 34 to over 200 universities today –50+ other research and non-profit institutions From United Nations to Lawrence Berkeley Labs to the New World Symphony –50+ for profit companies –30 state and regional R&E networks –Primary, secondary schools, museums, libraries, healthcare institutions through Sponsored Educational Group Participants (SEGP) –More than 50 international partners

16. Summary Internet2 –Provides a high-performance network environment for the US research and education community optimized to meet the needs of research, teaching, learning, clinical and outreach missions of that community –Enables the development and deployment of new network, middleware and applications technologies, services and protocols –Draws the community together to support these efforts

17. Technology –Computing continues to follow Moore’s Law –Storage is moving to the atomic level –Networking is exploding in the optical and wireless domains –Identity management middleware enables virtual communities –Human/Computer interface is rapidly evolving Culminating in the Cybersphere –persistent, pervasive, global, and immersive information/knowledge environment

18. Integrated Systems Model

19. Internet2 infrastructure K20 School University Library Research Laboratory University Library Research Laboratory K20 School Museum Nationwide Network Links 100 Mbps - 10 Gbs

20. A New Networking Model

23. The Internet2 network Replaced the old “Abilene” backbone network Hybrid optical and IP network Fiber, optical equipment dedicated to Internet2; Level 3 maintains network and service level Infrastructure to support multiple networks –Internet2 IP Service –Dynamic and static circuit services –ESnet’s next generation network Platform supports production services and experimental projects

24. Internet2 Network Capabilities Capacity and reliability to serve large scale projects – eVLBI, LHC, NEON, TeraGrid Flexibility to support smaller projects at lower bandwidths, for variable durations Lightpath provisioning to the campus Ideal platform for network research

25. Switched WDM Optical Layer Provisioned Services Internet2 Network: Infrastructure with Multiple Services Routed IP Network” “SONET Switched Network” “Ethernet VLAN Switched Network (i.e., HOPI)” Switched SONET Layer (vcat, lcas) Multi-Layer GMPLS Networks Ethernet Layer Router Layer Separate (Peering) Control Plane Instantiations for each of the above

26. Circuit Service Types Static Services - Configured by our NOC –Ethernet or SONET Framed over Lambda - Directly on the Infinera wave equipment –SONET Circuits through the Ciena equipment –Ethernet Framed tagged or untagged circuits under SONET via GFP –MPLS L2VPNs Dynamic Circuit Service –Only through the Ciena equipment at the start, eventually evolving to the full platform –Create Circuits in seconds for periods of hours to weeks

27. Internet2 Network - Layer 1 Internet2 Network Optical Switching Node Level3 Regen Site Internet2 Redundant Drop/Add Site ESnet Drop/Add Site

28. The Crucial Role of the RONs

29. Advanced R&E Networking: Networking Capabilities TODAY –Megabit-per-second bandwidth –IP-based services –Campus-focused middleware –Loose coordination across networks TOMORROW –Gigabit-per-second bandwith –IP-based and Dynamic Circuit (DC) services –Inter-domain middleware –High coordination across networks

30. Middleware Infrastructure Focus: –Inter-institutional collaboration –Scalable authenticated/authorized access to remote resources Internet2 role: –Defining/creating architecture: Shibboleth –Tools to implement: Shibboleth, Grouper, Signet –Infrastructure/Services to scale: InCommon, USHER

31. Advanced R&E Networking: Applications TODAY TV-Quality Videoconferencing Gigabyte-class data sets among small research groups Limited access to remote scientific instruments TOMORROW Uncompressed HDTV and gigapixel displays Terabyte-class data sets among global research groups Routine, reliable, and discipline wide access to remote scientific instruments

32. Access to Unique Scientific Instruments Astronomy High-Energy and Nuclear Physics

33. Health Science Research and Instruction

34. Tele-health Medical instruction Clinical practice Research

35. Images courtesy of NOAA Weather Prediction and Disaster Recovery

36. Supporting Large-scale Distributed Sensor Networks Ecology Seismology Meteorology

37. Collaboration and Communication

38. Hi-fidelity Collaboration HD-quality video CD-quality audio

39. Fine Arts Rehearsal and Performance

40. NEPTUNE http://www.neptune.washington.edu/

41. Lewis and Clark: Then and Now http://ali.apple.com/lewisandclark/

42. JASON http://www.jason.org/

43. Digital Learning Commons http://www.learningcommons.org/

44. CI Functions and Interactions Instrumentation Security Control Data Generation Computation Analysis Simulation Program Security Management Security and Access Authentication Access Control Authorization User Control Program Viewing Security 3D Imaging Display and Visualization. Display Tools Security Data Input Collab Tools Education And Training Human Support Help Desk Policy and Funding Resource Providers Funding Agencies Campuses Search Data Sets Storage Security Retrieval Input Schema Metadata Data Directories Ontologies Archive

45. Cyberinfrastructure Vision: More Than High-End Computing and Connectivity Focused making greater capabilities available across the science and engineering research communities Allows applications to interoperate across institutions and disciplines Ensures that data and software are preserved and easily available to all Empowers enhanced collaboration over distance and across disciplines Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure

46. Implications of Internet2’s Experience for the Internet Higher education is a leader in Internet technology innovation and deployment College student experiences drive commercial demand Fiber reaching ever-closer to the end user New industries (gaming, home video creation/sharing) are demand drivers

47. The Broadband Home of Tomorrow

49. SON and FRIENDS watching on-demand HDTV nature show 0 10 20 30 20 Mbps

50. DVR saving HDTV sports event for later viewing 0 10 20 30 20 Mbps

51. Family movies shared with UNCLE and AUNT across the country. 0 10 20 30 6 Mbps

52. MOTHER consulting with DOCTOR and GRANDMOTHER via 3-way DVD-quality videoconferencing, Including real-time blood pressure and heart rate data 0 10 20 30 6 Mbps

53. FATHER working with COLLEAGUES via DVD-quality videoconference and shared virtual whiteboard 0 10 20 30 6 Mbps

54. 70 Mbps 70

55. 10/14/201555 Next Steps in Network Development Optical and wireless technologies –New types of transport technologies –All-optical switching –10x leap in bandwidth –Ubiquitous coverage Middleware deployment Next generation of Internet protocols (IPv6)

56. Gigaband Requirements vs. Current Broadband Technology Gigaband RequiresCurrent Broadband At least 100 Mbps 7/24/365Less than 1 Mbps-10 Mbps Equal capacity upstream and downstream Unequal upstream and downstream capacity End-to-End ArchitectureImpediments to end-to-end architecture (Firewalls, NATs, Filtering, etc.) Network-wide standards compliant authentication & security Site-specific non-standard authentication & security

57. 10/14/201557 Last Mile Options for Gigaband Phone lines –Twisted pair requires fiber distribution to the curb AT&T U-verse example Cable TV –Current ‘channelization’ won’t support GigaBand –Restructured architecture could provide gigabit service Wireless –Current licensed/unlicensed spectrum insufficient –Massive spectrum reallocation required for needed capacity Fiber to the home/establishment –Verizon FiOS

58. Top Outstanding Issues Gigaband deployment Network Neutrality Symmetric end-to-end performance Federated authentication Network security

59. An Asset for the Community Universities Researchers Regional Networks K-12 Industry International An Asset for the Community Universities Researchers Regional Networks K-12 Industry International

60. Questions? Find us at www.internet2.edu

61. www.internet2.edu