1. Physics 321 Hour 7 Energy Conservation – Potential Energy in One Dimension

2. Bottom Line Energy is conserved. Kinetic energy is a definite concept. If we can determine the kinetic energy at all points in space by knowing it at one point in space, we can invent a potential energy so that energy can be conserved. Kinetic energy is related to work. Potential energy must also be related to work.

3. Kinetic Energy Does that make sense? Is it sometimes true? Is it always true?

4. Work-Energy Theorem

5. Gravity 1 2 y x

6. 1 2 y x

7. Potential Energy 1 2 y x

8. Stokes’ Theorem I Note the path integrals on the mid-line cancel. y x P2P2 P1P1 P3P3 P1P1 PiPi

9. Stokes’ Theorem II y x P1P1 PiPi

10. Potential Energy

11. Differential Form of the Curl x x+Δx y+Δy y

12. Spherical Coordinates It’s important to go back and forth between spherical and Cartesian coordinates. Know these:

13. Cylindrical Coordinates It’s also important to go back and forth between cylindrical and Cartesian coordinates. Know these:

14. Vector Calculus in Mathematica vec_calc_ex.nb