1. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Introduction to Participatory Conflict Analysis Oliver Chevreau Conflict Advisor - CIUK

2. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Today we are going to… Explore some key concepts around Peace, Conflict & Violence. Consider why a Conflict Analysis might be helpful. Learn step-by-step how to complete three participatory methods; Peace & Conflict Timeline, Actor Mapping and Underlying Causes of Conflict

3. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. What is Conflict? “A relationship between two or more interdependent parties in which at least one of the parties perceives the relationship to be negative or detects and pursues opposing interests and needs.” GTZ

4. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. What is Violence? Direct Violence - the use or threat of physical force or verbal attacks Cultural Violence – deeply ingrained attitudes and beliefs that justify the necessity of violence. Structural violence – how certain groups are discriminated against through social, political and economic systems.

5. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. What is Peace? Negative Peace is the absence of the direct violence. Positive Peace is the absence of direct and structural violence with mechanisms to allow individuals and groups to resolve their conflicts.

6. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Why do a Conflict Analysis? Conflict analysis helps thinking about how programmes are going to work in conflict-affected contexts. Participatory conflict analysis can help CARE and parties to the conflict articulate the issues more clearly. Understanding your context helps you adopt a conflict sensitive practice to your programming.

7. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Three participatory conflict analysis models… 1. Peace & Conflict Timeline 2. Actor Mapping 3. Underlying causes of Conflict

8. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Participatory Conflict Analysis Exercises You will need:

9. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Conflict Timeline Time Conflict Indicator Escalation De-escalation Crisis-point Relative cessation of hostilities Levels of Conflict do not start at zero! Any patterns in the data?

10. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Actor Mapping Positive relationship Very strong alliance Direction of Influence Unknown relationship Broken relationship Relationship in conflict Divided Actor Where’s CARE? If this was drawn from the perspective of a different actor group how would this mapping change? How would other actors perceive CARE?

11. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. The iceberg above the sea represents what you can see of the conflict The shoreline represents potential triggers to the conflict The ice beneath the sea represents the underlying drivers of conflict Proximate Causes of Conflict Underlying drivers of conflict Deep historical grievances Long standing cultural norms Bombing, Fighting, SGBV, Terrorist Attacks Elections, food price hikes, religious festivals Economic recession, migration flows Perceived persecution of one ethnic group, corruption, elite resource capture Colonialism, cultural norms regarding patriarchal societies Can you connect any of the levels together? At which Level is CARE best placed to work?

12. Defending dignity. Fighting poverty. Any questions? Oliver’s email: chevreau@careinternational.org