1. America Becomes a World Power Unit 8 Chapters 29-30

2. International Interest Pages 641-648 ImperialismImperialism –What? –Why? –Who? HawaiiHawaii CubaCuba

3. American Imperialism FactorsFactors –Economic competition between nations –Political and military competition –Belief in racial and cultural superiority ActionsActions –Hawaii –Cuba –Puerto Rico

4. 1. Commercial/Business Interests U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908

5. American Foreign Trade: 1870-1914 1. Commercial/Business Interests

6. 2. Military/Strategic Interests Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783

7. 3. Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’s Burden The Hierarchy of Race

8. 4. Religious/Missionary Interests American Missionaries in China, 1905

9. 5. Closing the American Frontier

10. Hawaii Sugar, Sugar, SugarSugar, Sugar, Sugar –75% of wealth –No duty (tax) on sugar sold to U.S. –Most plantation owners from U.S. Political issuesPolitical issues –Only land owners can vote –U.S. treaty for Pearl Harbor –Change in Hawaii’s ruler Liliuokalani – deposed with help from U.S. militaryLiliuokalani – deposed with help from U.S. military President Cleveland refuses to recognize as a territory unless Hawaiians want itPresident Cleveland refuses to recognize as a territory unless Hawaiians want it President McKinley proclaims Hawaii a U.S. territoryPresident McKinley proclaims Hawaii a U.S. territory

11. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

12. U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty 1890 – McKinley Tariff American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani. 1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

13. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898

14. CUBA Cuban Revolution – 1895Cuban Revolution – 1895 –U.S. Split Support Spain to protect American business interestsSupport Spain to protect American business interests Support Cuban rebels to promote libertySupport Cuban rebels to promote liberty –Yellow journalism – reporting that exaggerates the news to lure new readers Stirs support for rebelsStirs support for rebels Creates newsCreates news

15. Spanish Misrule in Cuba

16. Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy

17. “Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!

18. De Lôme Letter Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. Criticized President McKinley as weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd, besides being a would-be politician who tries to leave a door open behind himself while keeping on good terms with the jingoes of his party.

19. Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana

20. Spanish-American War Pages 648-660 That Splendid Little WarThat Splendid Little War –Dewey & Philippines –Teddy Roosevelt & Rough Riders Another Treaty of ParisAnother Treaty of Paris American resultsAmerican results Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

21. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War” How prepared was the US for war?

22. The Spanish-American War (1898): “That Splendid Little War”

23. Dewey Captures Manila!

24. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley administration. Imperialist and American nationalist. Criticized President McKinley as having the backbone of a chocolate éclair! Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.

25. The “Rough Riders”

26. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of Guam. The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

27. American Impacts 350-400 Battle Deaths350-400 Battle Deaths 2000-5000 Death by Disease2000-5000 Death by Disease –Typhoid, Malaria, etc. –Bad beef UnpreparedUnprepared –Clothing, training, weapons, leadership StrengthsStrengths –Numbers, Navy

28. The American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders. Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.

29. Cuban Independence? Senator Orville Platt Platt Amendment (1903) 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. 2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. 4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.

30. Puerto Rico Foraker Act Limited degree of popular government 1900 - Foraker Act Limited degree of popular government 1901-1903  the Insular Cases Constitution does not fully apply to territories 1917 – Jones Act U.S. Citizenship for Puerto Ricans

31. Our “Sphere of Influence”

32. America on the World Stage Pages 664-671 Philippine WarPhilippine War Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion Election of 1900Election of 1900

33. Emilio Aguinaldo L eader of the Filipino Uprising. July 4, 1946: Philippine independence

34. William H. Taft, 1st Gov.-General of the Philippines

35. Stereotypes of the Chinese Immigrant Oriental [Chinese] Exclusion Act, 1887

36. The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists. “55 Days at Peking.”

37. The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

38. The Open Door Policy

39. America as a Pacific Power

41. Prosperity vs. Anti-Imperialism

43. Assassinated by an Anarchist LEON CZOLGOSZ Tried / Convicted < 9 hours Executed 45 days after McKinley dies

44. Teddy Roosevelt TRTR –Politician –NYC Police Commissioner –Assistant Secretary of the Navy –Leader of the “Rough Riders” (volunteer cavalry brigade in Spanish-American War) –Governor of NY –VP for William McKinley –President (42 years old)

45. Teddy’s Foreign Policy Pages 671-679 Panama CanalPanama Canal –Why? –Who? –How? Monroe Doctrine (TR Version)Monroe Doctrine (TR Version) US-Japan RelationsUS-Japan Relations

46. Panama: The King’s Crown 1850  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (US not allowed to get exclusive control over Panama route) 1901  Hay-Paunceforte Treaty (US free to build and fortify a canal) Panama revolution? 1903  Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty. (US purchases rights from French)

47. Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

48. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power power.

49. Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

50. Constable of the World

51. Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905 Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy

52. Yellow Peril Post Russo-Japanese WarPost Russo-Japanese War –Laborers flock to California Racial tensionsRacial tensions –School discrimination Gentlemen’s AgreementGentlemen’s Agreement –Japan agrees to limit (eliminate?) laborers headed to California

53. The Great White Fleet: 1907