1. I. Types of Film

2. Realism -- Classicism --- Formalism
(STYLES)
Realism -- Classicism --- Formalism
 
Documentaries – Fiction -- Avant-Garde
(TYPES)

4. A. Objective Camera Camera views scene as a remote spectator.
Viewer forgets the camera is there.
Realistic

5. B. Subjective Camera
Camera views a scene from the visual or emotional point of view of a character.
The camera draws attention to itself.
Manipulates meaning
Formalistic

6. Subjective vs. Objective Camera
Vertigo
D: Alfred Hitchcock, 1958

7. C. Realism in Film
Camera is an unmanipulated, objective mirror of the real world.
Everyday, realistic images
Basic experiences of everyday life
Loosely organized story
Emphasis on authenticity

8. Long, uninterrupted shots Minimal editing Natural lighting
Realism (cont.)
Long, uninterrupted shots
Minimal editing
Natural lighting

9. 1. “Arrival of a Train” (Realism)
Lumieres brothers, 1896
Founders of cinematic realism.
Considered fascinating and terrifying.
A “actualités” (primitive documentary).
Arrival of a Train

10. 2. “The Kiss” (Realism) Directed for Thomas Edison, 1896
A 47 second long actuality; one of the first films made available to the public.
Considered scandalous and “disgusting.”
The Kiss

11. 3. Hearts and Minds (Realism)
Davis, 1974
Primarily TV newsreel footage of Vietnam
Indictment of the US devastation of Vietnam
Turned public opinion against the war.
Hearts and Minds (Prostitution)

12. D. Classicism Story-oriented; based on entertainment value
Avoids extremes
The images chosen for their relevancy to the story and characters, rather than for their authenticity (realism) or formal beauty alone (formalism).

13. Classicism (cont.) Hollywood stars Controlled lighting and sets
Moderate editing
Generally visually appealing and highly romanticized

14. 1. Gone With the Wind Gone With the Wind Victor Fleming, 1939
Epic Romance, Classic Hollywood Film
Gone With the Wind

15. 2. The Royal Tenenbaums The Royal Tenenbaums Wes Anderson, 2001
Manipulation of the camera to better tell a story - cuts, reaction shots, slow motion, music, etc.
The Royal Tenenbaums

16. E. Expressionism/Formalism
In-your-face; high degree of manipulation and editing
Stylized visuals (special effects)
Emphasis on technique and expression rather than story.
Manipulation of color and lighting

17. Expressionism/Formalism (cont.)
Filmmakers concerned with spiritual and psychological truths
Characters and events often extraordinary and symbolic
Often artificial genres: musicals, sci-fi, fantasy,etc.

18. 1. A Trip to the Moon A Trip to the Moon (3:00)
Georges Melies, 1902
First science fiction film (silent)
Innovative use of special effects and animation
Whimsical fantasy based on purely imagined events.
A Trip to the Moon (3:00)
Conquest of the North Pole (5:00)

19. 2. Pi Pi Darren Aronofsky, 1998 Psychological, surrealistic
Distorted imagery
High level of manipulation (editing, sound, lighting)
Emotive, dream-like, paranoid, and troubling Pi

20. 3. Raging Bull Martin Scorsese, 1980 Subjective camera
Fair level of manipulation
Plays with color, time, and camera angles
to create a visual story
Raging Bull (Start 1:00)

21. II. Mise en Scene / Intro to Cinematography

22. A. Cinematography: The making of lighting and camera choices when recording photographic images for the cinema. Closely related to the art of still photography.

23. B. Mise en Scene
How visual elements are staged, framed and photographed. French for “placing on a stage.”
Involves:
size,
color,
light,
objects’ relationship to one another

24. Where is our eye attracted first? Why?
1.The Dominant
Where is our eye attracted first? Why?
The dominant can be created by: * the size of an object,
* a juxtaposition of lights and darks (esp. in black and white films),
* using a color that stands out from the others,
* placing one object in sharper focus than the rest of the shot.

25.                                                                                                                                        
The dominant in this shot is the character of Enid (Thora Birch). This is created by color, lighting and focus.

26. 2. Positioning of Characters & Objects within a frame
Positioning within a frame can draw our attention to an important character/object
A film-maker can use positioning to indicate relationships between people.

27. IMAGE 1

28. 3. Color
Carries certain connotations which may add meaning (i.e. Red = Danger/Passion)
Can give a scene a particular look, feel or mood
Can be used for dramatic effect

29. Cool tones (left) are associated with sadness and strife
Cool tones (left) are associated with sadness and strife. Warm tones (right) are romantic and happier.

30. How is color affecting the mise en scene of this shot?

32. 4. Lighting Lighting can be used to achieve a variety of effects:
Highlight important characters or objects within the frame
Make characters look mysterious by shading sections of the face & body
To reflect a character’s mental state/hidden emotions (i.e. bright = happy, dark = disturbed, strobe effect = confused

33. 1. Low Key Lighting Produces an overall darker picture.
Emphasizes diffused shadows and atmospheric pools of light.
Often used in mysteries and thrillers.
Tends to heighten the sense of alienation felt by the viewer, hence is commonly used in film noir, horror, mysteries and thrillers.

34. Low-Key Film Still: The Shining

35. Watch:
Raging Bull (Scorsese)
Barton Fink (Coens)

36. 2. Film Noir
Term used to describe stylish, Hollywood crime dramas, popularized in the s.
French for “black film.” Lighting is low key, very high contrast, and tends to be black and white.
Settings tend to be urban; swirling cigarette smoke adds an air of mystery.
Tone is fantastic and paranoid. Focuses on the dark side of humanity (violence, lust, greed, etc)

37. Film Noir Still: High Contrast

38. Watch:
Double Indemnity (Wilder)
Batman (Burton)

39. 3. High Key Lighting
Bright, even illumination, with few conspicuous shadows.
Generally used in upbeat scenes, hence used mostly in comedies, musicals and light entertainment films.

40. Watch:
Some Like It Hot (Wilder)
Austin Powers (Roach)

41. What types of lighting are used in the following images:B C D E F