4. CIVIL RIGHTS VS. SEGREGATION  AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (1954-1968):  AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (1954-1968): A reform movement in the USA aimed at ABOLISHING RACIAL DISCRIMINATION against African Americans and restoring their VOTING RIGHTS in Southern statesA reform movement in the USA aimed at ABOLISHING RACIAL DISCRIMINATION against African Americans and restoring their VOTING RIGHTS in Southern states The struggle was far more than just civil rights under law. It was also about fundamental issues of FREEDOM, RESPECT, DIGNITY and ECONOMIC and SOCIAL EQUALITY.The struggle was far more than just civil rights under law. It was also about fundamental issues of FREEDOM, RESPECT, DIGNITY and ECONOMIC and SOCIAL EQUALITY.  SEGREGATION:  SEGREGATION: A kind of formalized or institucionlized (by law or social norms) DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF RACE and the SEPARATION of different racial groups in daily life.A kind of formalized or institucionlized (by law or social norms) DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF RACE and the SEPARATION of different racial groups in daily life. 100 years after the Civil War, the legacy of slavery in the South was a SEGREGATED SOCIETY.100 years after the Civil War, the legacy of slavery in the South was a SEGREGATED SOCIETY. Black people and white people lived SIDE-BY-SIDE BUT IN SEPARATE WORLDS. Black people and white people lived SIDE-BY-SIDE BUT IN SEPARATE WORLDS. Public facilities were for blacks or whites. FACILITIES FOR BLACKS WERE ALWAYS POORER in quality.Public facilities were for blacks or whites. FACILITIES FOR BLACKS WERE ALWAYS POORER in quality.

5. THE AMERICA OF JIM CROW LAWS “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” JIM CROW LAWS:  STATE AND LOCAL LAWS THAT IMPOSED STRICT RACIAL SEGREGATION FOR BLACK AMERICANS AND OTHER NON-WITHE RACIAL GROUPS.  ENACTED BETWEEN 1876 AND 1965 IN THE USA.  ENACTED BETWEEN 1876 AND 1965 IN THE USA.  MANDATED DE IURE SEGREGATION IN ALL PUBLIC FACILITIES, ALSO RESTRICTED THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES OF BLACK PEOPLE.  MANDATED DE IURE SEGREGATION IN ALL PUBLIC FACILITIES, ALSO RESTRICTED THE CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES OF BLACK PEOPLE.

6. Where was Segregation applied? Where was Segregation applied? Shops Cafes Restaurants Schools Universities The U.S. Military Hospitals Blood Banks Neighbourhoo ds Housing Public Transportation s & Facilities Cinemas Dance Halls Theatres

7. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968) TIMELINE ~ MAIN EVENTS 1954Supreme Court. Brown vs Board of Education1954Supreme Court. Brown vs Board of Education 1955-56Montgomery Bus Boycott1955-56Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosie Parks, SCLC and MLK Jr. 1957Desegregation1957Desegregation The Little Rock Nine 1960The sits-ins & picketings1960The sits-ins & picketings 1961Freedom Rides1961Freedom Rides Voter Registration Organizing 1961/62Albany movement1961/62Albany movement James Meredith at Mississippi University 1963March on Washington1963March on Washington

8. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968) TIMELINE ~ MAIN EVENTS 1963/64Birmingham Campaing1963/64Birmingham Campaing Children’s Crusade 1964Mississippi Summer1964Mississippi Summer Mississippi Burning MLK Jr. Awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1965Selma to Montgomery1965Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights Act 1968 MLK Jr.: Poor People’s March1968 MLK Jr.: Poor People’s March April 4 th : MLK Jr. Murdered. The Civil Rights Act

9. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968) PLAYERS & LEADERS Civil Rights Movement People’s Movement Leaders & Organizations Black People in Deep South Volunteers Black Churches People’s Movement Black People in Deep South Volunteers Black Churches Leaders & Organizations Organizations: SCLC SNCC COFO NAACP CORE Non-violent Leaders: T. Marshall Medgar Evers James Meredith Little Rock Nine Greensboro Four R. Parks M.L. King Jr. Organizations: Black Muslim & Nation of Islam Black Power Movement Black Panther Party Radicals (since mid 60’s) Leaders: Malcom X S. Carmichael H. P. Newton Bobby Seale

10. Courtcases “Sit –Ins “Sit –Ins” Marches Tactics Demonstrations

11. WHAT DID THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE? DURING THE 1950S AND 1960S THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT DID ACHIEVE A GREAT DEAL : TO BREAK DOWN SEGREGATION IN THE USA TO BREAK DOWN SEGREGATION IN THE USA THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE : THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE :  ENACTMENT LAWS ALLOWING FOR THE PROSECUTION OF RACIST CRIMES AND VILLIFICATION  ENACTMENT LAWS ALLOWING FOR THE PROSECUTION OF RACIST CRIMES AND VILLIFICATION  CHANGES IN DAILY LIFE FOR ALL AMERICANS  CHANGES IN DAILY LIFE FOR ALL AMERICANS  CHANGES TO FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS  CHANGES TO FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS (Black people should have the same social and political rights as white people) and political rights as white people)

12. WHAT DID THEY ACTUALLY ACHIEVE? CHANGING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 1957: Discrimination is now illegal All Americans have the right to vote A Comission on Civil Rights is set up The Act changed little in the south of the USA CIVIL RIGHTS ACT 1964: Outlawed segregation in schools and public places No racism allowed in employment Equal Employment Opportunities Commission set up to investigate complaints LOVING VS. VIRGINIA 1967: Interracial marriage is no longer againts the law FAIR HOUSING ACT 1968: To stop racial discrimination in housing VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965: No discriminatory voting pactices allowed Outlawed Literacy Tests

13. HISTORIC CIVIL RIGHTS PLACES HISTORIC CIVIL RIGHTS PLACES IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE UNITED STATES

14. LINCOLM MEMORIAL WASHINGTON DC MENPHIS THE SELMA TO MONTGOMERY NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL (SINCE 1996)

15. A PLACE YOU SHOULD KNOW: THE CIVIL RIGHTS MEMORIAL CENTER

16. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MEMORIAL CENTER INSIDE THE MEMORIAL THE WALL OF TOLERANCE

17. CIVIL RIGHTS Civil RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTS CIVIL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTS

18. Where was Segregation applied? Shops Cafes Restaurants Schoolss Universities The U.S. Military Hospitals Blood Banks Neighbourhoo ds Housing Public Transportation s & Facilities Cinemas Dance Halls Theatres

20. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968) PLAYERS & LEADERS Civil Rights Movement People’s Movement Leaders & Organizations Black People in Deep South Volunteers Black Churches People’s Movement Black People in Deep South Volunteers Black Churches Leaders & Organizations Organizations: SCLC SNCC COFO NAACP CORE Non-violent Leaders: T. Marshall Medgar Evers James Meredith Little Rock Nine Greensboro Four R. Parks M.L. King Jr. Organizations: Black Muslim & Nation of Islam Black Power Movement Black Panther Party Radicals (since mid 60’s) Leaders: Malcom X S. Carmichael H. P. Newton Bobby Seale

21. Leaders & Organizations Organizations: SCLC SNCC COFO NAACP CORE Non-violent Leaders: T. Marshall Medgar Evers James Meredith Little Rock Nine Greensboro Four R. Parks M.L. King Jr. Organizations: Black Muslim & Nation of Islam Black Power Movement Black Panther Party Radicals (from mid 60’s) Leaders: Malcom X S. Carmichael H. P. Newton Bobby Seale

22. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA (1954 – 1968) PLAYERS & LEADERS Civil Rights Movement People’s Movement Leaders & Organizations Black People in Deep South Volunteers Black Churches Non-Violent Radicals (mid 60’s)

23. T HE C IVIL R IGHTS E RA (1954 – 1968) T IMELINE ~ M AIN E VENTS

24. Civil Rights Movement People’s Movement Black People in Deep South Volunteers Black churches Leaders & Organizations Non-Violent Organizations SLCL SNCC COFO NAACP CORE Leaders M.L.K. Jr. R. Parks Thurgod Marshall James Meredith Medgar Evers Little Rock Nine Eda Baker Ralph Abernathy Radicals (since mid 1960’s) Organizations: Black Panthers Party for Self-defense Black Muslim / Nation of Islam Black Power Movement Leaders: Huey B. Newton Bobby Seale Malcom X Stoclely Carmichael