1. UNIT 9 KEVIN E, LAINE L, KAITLYN P, AND ALEX P PERIOD 5 TABLE 8

2. WE WILL KNOW CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND IT AIDS IN PREDICTING FUTURE CLIMATES

3. CLIMATE ZONES There are 5 different types of climate zones Polar – near the poles, almost always cold Dry – little or no rain Humid Tropical – hot with rain throughout the year Moist-mid latitude - mild winters – hot with little or no rain and mild winters Moist-mid latitude - severe winters – warm summers and long snowy winters

4. WLADIMIR KOPPEN Wladimir Koppen developed a system for classifying Climates, this system is the reason we know about our 5 major climate zones and their sub-climates; it is also what we use to predict future climates Koppen Classification – A system used for classifying climates devised by Wladimir Koppen that is based on mean monthly and annual values of temperature and percipitation

5. SUB-CLIMATES Sub-climates - regions within a climate zone that vary slightly from other parts of the climate zone All of the five major climate zones have sub-climates For example, one of the polar climate zone’s sub-climates is the ice cap sub-climate Ice cap – a mass of glacial ice covering a high upland or plateau spreading out rapidly

6. CLIMATE ZONE VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnfkbaRXl_0

7. WE WILL KNOW ABOUT EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS, AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS.

8. EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE Emission: a substance discharged into the air, a pollutant Carbon Dioxide is the greenhouse gas most emitted through human activity The Carbon cycle is being altered through our everyday activities The human activity that emits the most carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil fuels From 1990 to 2010 the carbon dioxide emissions increased 12% corresponding with the increase in use of energy.

9. ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS Greenhouse effect: transmissions of short-wave solar radiation by the atmosphere coupled with the selective absorption of longer wave-length terrestrial radiation, especially by water vapor and carbon dioxide The 1950s-1970s is when studies confirmed the rising of carbon dioxide levels and the public began to notice and become concerned with air pollution issues.

10. ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS November historical levels 1958 - 313.33 1959 - 314.8 1960 - 315 1961 - 316.1 1962 - 316.69 1963 - 317.12 1964 - 317.79 1965 - 318.87 1966 - 319.79 1967 - 320.72 1968 - 321.31 1969 - 322.85 1970 - 323.98 1971 - 324.8 1972 - 326.5 1973 - 328.16 1974 - 328.34 1975 - 329.33 1976 - 330.18 1977 - 332.35 1978 - 333.76 1979 - 335.26 1980 - 337.21 1981 - 338.59 1982 - 339.48 1983 - 341.53 1984 - 343.06 1985 - 344.4 1986 - 345.86 1987 - 347.95 1988 - 350.15 1989 - 351.44 1990 - 353.05 1991 - 353.79 1992 - 354.27 1993 - 355.4 1994 - 357.56 1995 - 359.4 1996 - 360.84 1997 - 362.44 1998 - 365.52 1999 - 366.68 2000 - 368.33 2001 - 369.69 2002 - 372.2 2003 - 374.64 2004 - 375.93 2005 - 378.29 2006 - 380.18 2007 - 382.42 2008 - 384.13 2009 - 386 2010 - 388.65 2011 - 390.24 2012 - 392.81

11. GLOBAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS Temperature control: any factor that causes temperature to vary from place to place and from time to time Scientists can observe coinciding rates of change with temperature and carbon dioxide levels throughout the past 100,000 years. They’ve determined that there is a strong correlation between the two which can help us predict future global temperatures.

12. VIDEO: http://video.about.com/environment/Learn-About-the-Greenhouse-Effect.htm

13. WE WILL LEARN ABOUT INCREASING OCEAN TEMPERATURES AND HOW THEY AFFECT THE OCEAN CLIMATE.

14. Ocean temperatures have been rising over the past 150 years because of the rise in global temperature. Global Warming is an increase in temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere caused by the build up of greenhouse gases.

15. Global warming affects the sea because as the temperature rises, the sea expands. If the temperature rises 3 degrees over the next 100 years, the sea could rise to about 3 ½ feet. The rise in sea temperature also causes coral bleaching. Coral Bleaching is when coral polyps (basically sea anemones) die, leaving white patches on the coral. The coral reefs are home to about 93,000 species, and because of coral bleaching, they can’t be inhabited.

16. HEALTHY CORAL BLEACHED CORAL

17. Argo floats are used to measure sea temperature. They float in the water’s depths and surface every 10 days to transfer data to a satellite. Rising sea temperature also affects how many hurricanes could be produced in one year. A hurricane is formed when the sea surface is a temperature of 82 degrees or higher. This is coupled with a disturbance in the atmosphere that creates a strong updraft of warm air.

18. VIDEO http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXMNS8MDr5I

19. WE WILL KNOW THE TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGY BETWEEN THE OCEAN & ATMOSPHERE?

20. UMM..SO..THERMAL ENERGY WUT IS DAT? Thermal energy is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules. Therefore, the atoms and/or molecules of a hotter object have greater kinetic energy than those of a colder one. It is the internal energy of an object based off of how fast the atoms/molecules move, also known as their kinetic energy, but whatever. SO, If an object is hot, then it’s molecules move really fast, rather than a cold object’s molecules which move slow.er According to Internet According to Me

21. The majority of thermal energy on the Earth’s surface is stored in the Ocean and Ocean currents play a significant role in transferring this heat toward the poles and equator. The largest heat loss for the ocean is due to evaporation The transfer of energy from the sun is known commonly as Radiation occurs when the sun radiates forms of electromagnetic radiation through empty space, which in this case ends up hitting upon the ocean.

22. temperature differences throughout the atmosphere are a result of the way solar energy is absorbed as it moves through the atmosphere itself. The transfer of heat energy within the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface occurs as a result of radiation, convection, and conduction.

23. Both are able to absorb and store thermal energy. When air comes in contact with the Ocean and both are at different temperatures, heat transfer by conduction occurs. The Ocean also absorbs & stores energy from the sun by radiation, and when rain falls it releases heat energy into the atmosphere. The heating of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere by the sun drives convection within the atmosphere and ocean, producing winds and ocean currents.

24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajQ3hm5Jid U

25. K.S. Name one type of climate zone…

26. K.S. Name 3 temperature controls. They can be anything.

27. KS Coral reefs are home to about how many species?

28. NOT SURE IF CLASS LEARNED SOMETHING OR RANDOMLY GUESSED ANSWER