1. Ch. 13-2 Discoveries and Inventions

2. * 7.10.2 Understand the significance of the new scientific theories (e.g., those of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton) and the significance of new inventions (e.g., the telescope, microscope, thermometer, barometer).

3. * The discovery of the Americas led to scholars to doubt ancient Greek ideas * Advances in astronomy were key events of the Scientific Revolution * Sir Isaac Newton developed laws that explained much of the natural world * New inventions helped scientists study the natural world

4. * During the Scientific Revolution, new ideas and inventions changed the nature of knowledge

5. * Nicolaus Copernicus * Tycho Brahe * Johannes Kepler * Galileo Galilei * Sir Isaac Newton * barometer

7. * Aristotle * Ptolemy

8. * If Ptolemy’s long-held beliefs were wrong, other Greek thinkers might be, too.

9. * Columbus’s discovery of the Americas

10. * No, because he didn’t realize that he hadn’t reached Asia

11. * Exploration led scholars to challenge the thoughts of the ancient Greeks

13. * Copernicus

14. * He was afraid of persecution or death at the hands of the church

15. * Copernicus thought that the planets’ orbits were circular * Kepler proved that the orbits are elliptical

16. * He charted the positions of the stars * He emphasized the importance of careful observations and detailed, accurate records

17. * He theorized that the planets orbited the sun

18. * The first scientist to study the sky with a telescope

19. * He was the first person to routinely use experiments to test theories

21. * He reviewed everything scientists had been learning, coupled it with his own observations and ideas, and identified four theories that explained how the physical world works

22. * He showed that light is made up of all the colors of the rainbow

23. * Gravity attracts objects to each other and thus keeps the planets in motion around the sun

24. * Sir Isaac Newton

25. * The laws explained how the physical world worked

27. * So that he could improve it

28. * Microscope * Thermometer * Telescope * Barometer

29. * Possible answer – the microscope or telescope because each allowed scientists to see into previously unseen worlds