1. Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Organization of American States James F. Mack, Executive Secretary JMack@oas.org www.cicad.oas.org

2. CICAD: An agency of the OAS created in 1986 to to reduce the production, trafficking and use and abuse of drugs in the Americas An agency of the OAS created in 1986 to to reduce the production, trafficking and use and abuse of drugs in the Americas The Commission, made up of representatives of 34 OAS member states, is the forum for hemispheric-level discussion & action on drug issues The Commission, made up of representatives of 34 OAS member states, is the forum for hemispheric-level discussion & action on drug issues A full-time staff of approx. 40 who plan & carry out technical assistance projects A full-time staff of approx. 40 who plan & carry out technical assistance projects

3. GREAT DIVERSITY OF EXPERTISE CICAD Commissioners, who provide policy guidance to permanent staff, are very senior officials from Ministries of Justice, Home Affairs, Health, Police, Treasury, Education and Social Welfare. CICAD Commissioners, who provide policy guidance to permanent staff, are very senior officials from Ministries of Justice, Home Affairs, Health, Police, Treasury, Education and Social Welfare. In-depth expertise of CICAD staff equally wide- ranging: e.g., money laundering & arms control, health & psychology, education, statistics & research, legal cooperation & development, law enforcement, education and professional development. In-depth expertise of CICAD staff equally wide- ranging: e.g., money laundering & arms control, health & psychology, education, statistics & research, legal cooperation & development, law enforcement, education and professional development.

4. What CICAD does Provides broad array of technical & financial assistance to raise standards and improve countries’ capacity to deal with drug problem Provides broad array of technical & financial assistance to raise standards and improve countries’ capacity to deal with drug problem Devotes more than 50% of its funds to training of human resources Devotes more than 50% of its funds to training of human resources Serves as “test bed” for innovative pilot projects to see whether they work in different environments Serves as “test bed” for innovative pilot projects to see whether they work in different environments Conducts multi-country programs that share experiences and build trust & confidence among peers working on a difficult & dangerous problem Conducts multi-country programs that share experiences and build trust & confidence among peers working on a difficult & dangerous problem

5. CICAD is not: A real time intelligence or law enforcement agency -- but it does conduct specialized training courses for law enforcement & intelligence personnel A real time intelligence or law enforcement agency -- but it does conduct specialized training courses for law enforcement & intelligence personnel A funding agency – but it does carry out projects in partnership with countries A funding agency – but it does carry out projects in partnership with countries

6. CURRENT CICAD PROGRAMS Substance abuse prevention and treatment Substance abuse prevention and treatment Supply reduction and control Supply reduction and control Capacity- and institution-building for national drug commissions Capacity- and institution-building for national drug commissions Statistics, information and research Statistics, information and research Money laundering control Money laundering control Legal development & cooperation (including arms control & anti-corruption measures) Legal development & cooperation (including arms control & anti-corruption measures) Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) Alternative development Alternative development Professional education Professional education

7. CICAD INITIATIVES Introducing substance abuse prevention issues into the curricula of Schools of Nursing, Medicine, Education, & helping secondary schools organize drug prevention programs for students Introducing substance abuse prevention issues into the curricula of Schools of Nursing, Medicine, Education, & helping secondary schools organize drug prevention programs for students Culture of lawfulness training for high school teachers Culture of lawfulness training for high school teachers Violence prevention, social services and rehabilitation for gang members involved in drug dealing Violence prevention, social services and rehabilitation for gang members involved in drug dealing

8. CICAD INITIATIVES (contd.) Developing a standardized methodology for determining the cost of drugs to society Developing a standardized methodology for determining the cost of drugs to society Peer review, by all countries, of their progress in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem (the Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism– MEM) Peer review, by all countries, of their progress in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem (the Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism– MEM) Developing long-range plans for investment in profitable alternatives to cultivation of coca and opium poppy Developing long-range plans for investment in profitable alternatives to cultivation of coca and opium poppy

9. CICAD INITIATIVES (contd.) Training judges, public prosecutors, police, private banking associations and attorneys to deal with money laundering offenses Training judges, public prosecutors, police, private banking associations and attorneys to deal with money laundering offenses Developing effective alternatives to incarceration for minor drug offenders (drug courts, community service, treatment and rehab. for addicts) Developing effective alternatives to incarceration for minor drug offenders (drug courts, community service, treatment and rehab. for addicts) Substance abuse counselling and treatment for addicted prisoners Substance abuse counselling and treatment for addicted prisoners

10. The Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) Created in 1999 as a diagnostic tool to carry out an objective, transparent and multilateral evaluation of progress made by each CICAD member state – and the Hemisphere as a whole – in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem. Created in 1999 as a diagnostic tool to carry out an objective, transparent and multilateral evaluation of progress made by each CICAD member state – and the Hemisphere as a whole – in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem. A hemispheric response to the unilateral U.S. Certification process required by Congress. A hemispheric response to the unilateral U.S. Certification process required by Congress. Assists countries in generating internal support for their counter drug effort Assists countries in generating internal support for their counter drug effort Has had a positive impact in improving the capacity of member states to deal with the drug problem Has had a positive impact in improving the capacity of member states to deal with the drug problem –90% of 1 st Round Recommendations have been implemented –66% of 2 nd Recommendations have been implemented

11. The Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM) Offers the countries an opportunity to request technical, financial or training assistance to implement assigned recommendations Offers the countries an opportunity to request technical, financial or training assistance to implement assigned recommendations Evaluations are performed by experts of each member state (Governmental Expert Group – GEG). Experts participate in the evaluation of every country, with the exception of their own. Evaluations are performed by experts of each member state (Governmental Expert Group – GEG). Experts participate in the evaluation of every country, with the exception of their own. 2 year evaluation cycle: 2 year evaluation cycle: –1 st year: each country is evaluated and specific recommendations are made (approved by CICAD Commission); –2 nd year: progress in implementing recommendations is evaluated. Evaluation based on a questionnaire of indicators designed by and periodically updated by the member states. Evaluation based on a questionnaire of indicators designed by and periodically updated by the member states.

12. NEW APPROACHES Encouraging countries to decentralize their drug control policies and programs to the state, province or city level, & training local officials Encouraging countries to decentralize their drug control policies and programs to the state, province or city level, & training local officials Greater use of on-line education & information technology Greater use of on-line education & information technology Building co-funding partnerships with member states for needed programs Building co-funding partnerships with member states for needed programs

13. ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH CICAD Flexible, fast turnaround, very low overhead Flexible, fast turnaround, very low overhead Efficient, minimum bureaucratic obstacles Efficient, minimum bureaucratic obstacles Staff has excellent rapport with partners in country Staff has excellent rapport with partners in country Counterparts feel they have ownership of the programs Counterparts feel they have ownership of the programs Model regulations & policy documents are solid and the product of consensus Model regulations & policy documents are solid and the product of consensus

14. ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH CICAD Oracle accounting system is transparent and can generate customized reports Oracle accounting system is transparent and can generate customized reports Accounts are audited by an external firm of CPAs, which reports to an independent board of external auditors Accounts are audited by an external firm of CPAs, which reports to an independent board of external auditors Internal audits are conducted by the Inspector General, who reports to the Secretary General Internal audits are conducted by the Inspector General, who reports to the Secretary General

15. CICAD’s funding In 2004, 15% (US$2.08 million) of CICAD’s total budget came from the OAS central budget; the remaining 85% (US$11.79 million) came from external funding. In 2004, 15% (US$2.08 million) of CICAD’s total budget came from the OAS central budget; the remaining 85% (US$11.79 million) came from external funding. Estimated income for 2005 is US$8.4 million, of which 76.2% needs to come from donor states & institutions that fund specific projects or programs. Estimated income for 2005 is US$8.4 million, of which 76.2% needs to come from donor states & institutions that fund specific projects or programs. CICAD has forged strategic alliances with other organizations such as the IADB, the Lions Club International Foundation, and the United Nations to carry out specific programs. CICAD has forged strategic alliances with other organizations such as the IADB, the Lions Club International Foundation, and the United Nations to carry out specific programs. CICAD also encourages the concept of horizontal cooperation and the sharing of “best practices” among Member states. CICAD also encourages the concept of horizontal cooperation and the sharing of “best practices” among Member states.

16. CICAD’s funding (contd.) Major donors of earmarked funds are: United States United States Canada Canada Spain Spain France France Inter-American Development Bank Inter-American Development Bank United Kingdom United Kingdom Mexico Mexico Japan Japan

17. Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD) Organization of American States James F. Mack, Executive Secretary JMack@oas.org www.cicad.oas.org