2. Shelby Skauge Mr. Rose Period 1

3. Black Mesa, 3 steep sides Four Corners Area, Ne Arizona Lived in the Plains Minerals: copper, zinc, lead, gold, silver, uranium, molybdenum, and asbestos were available Water is healthy Animals grizzly bears, timber wolf, elk, and bison. Very warm, humid

4. Religion is Life Most ceremonies relate to rain Kachinas Religion starts at a young age. Nine Prophecies of the Nine Worlds Kivas They put sacred cornmeal, tobacco, and feathers before the altar. Hopi show less interest in the afterlife.

5. The Hopi had many priests, Snake Priest and Antelope Priest. The Crier Chief announced all ceremonies Sacred Hopi Clowns Only Men are religious leaders Matrilineal

6. Mammoths Bison Collect Wild Plants 24 Different kinds of corn Piki- paper thin bread made of corn and ash Beans, squash, melons, pumpkins, fruit www.minnehahacounty.orgwww.statemuseum.arizona.edu

7. Pueblos, made of stone and mud Center had a firepit Climb down a ladder to the south end Walls are made of stone fragments bound with mud plaster. Roof is made of many layers Most pueblos had more than 1 floor

8. Depends on what you do Wore little clothing Dressed in flowers, paint, feather headdresses Used clothing to signify their fighting talent When marrying women wore dresses, men wore several bead necklaces

9. They had specific jobs Women did housework, cooked, and wove baskets Men planted, harvested, wove clothing, and performed ceremonies Women owned all land and the house Men owned livestock and fruit trees

10. Art is a way to communicate dreams, visions, and beliefs Pottery, clothing, and baskets just a portion Used symbols and signs that told stories Pottery was used for everyday use, cooking, storage, bathing. Modern pottery is softer than theirs They fired the clay for a long time after having the clay buried in the moist sand.

11. The Hopi are peaceful Hopituh Shi-nu-mu means “The Peaceful Little People” Their belief is to help others improve their lives Dancers dress like Kachinas Masks

12. November: Wuwuchim, a 16 day ceremony on Creation. December: Soyal, Rebirth of New life February: Powamu, Purification, monster March through June: Plaza dances July: Niman, Home Dance, 16 day Ceremony August: The Snake Dance or Flute Dance September: Lakon, basket dance, harvesting October: Owaqlt, end of yearly cycle

13. Snake dance requires 2 weeks of preparation The Children watch over the snakes Mostly rattlesnakes Dancers take emetic, a sedative herb or hallucinogenic The Flute Dance is a 9 day celebration Flute Society walks over sacred cornmeal

14. Taiowa, the creator god, made Souknang and oredered him to make the universe. The 1 st world was Topela, land, water and air also with Koyangwuti, spider woman. Spider woman made twins The twins made rivers, oceans, and mountains Organisms, men did not obey

15. Their ancestors Anasazi Arrived to their area circa 5,000-10,000 yrs. Ago Came from all over 1050 the Hopi we know today The oldest continued tribe Related to Aztecs

16. Turkeys Dogs Corn Medicine Man was talented Herbs Homemade Remedies Bone Doctor Greatest Medicine People in South Ear Candles http://www.thehopiway.com/content/messages/techqua/issue_30.html

17. Artifacts: Turkey bones, baskets, pottery Made pottery the same way Irrigation Burned Coal Bows and Arrows Sticks http://www.motthall.org/intro/cur/munoz/nav_amer/7/Hopi's.html

18. Part of the Uto-Aztecan Family Dialect is Shoshone Distant to Rio Grande Tribes Kiowa-Apache share Diverse Surrounded by alien tongues http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi

19. http://www.motthall.org/intro/cur/munoz/nav_amer/7/Hopi's.html http://www.thehopiway.com/content/messages/techqua/issue_30.html http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/hopi.htm http://www.crystalinks.com/hopi.htm Americans Before Columbus by Elizabeth Chesley Baity