1. Poverty (i) Is being without adequate food, clothing and shelter. (ii) Deprivation can vary from society to society. (iii) NAPS definition: If income and resources (material, cultural and social) are so inadequate as to preclude them from a standard of living which is regarded as acceptable by Irish society generally. As a result of inadequate income and resources they are excluded and marginalised from taking part in activities which are considered the norm for other people in society. ©PDST Home Economics

2. Poverty Absolute Universal agreed minimum. Not able to afford basic needs. Needs such as food, water, shelter, clothing Relative Living below the expected standard in a particular society. Consensual Perceived by majority of group to be unacceptable in their society.

3. Poverty Absolute Poverty Relative Poverty Consensual PovertyRelative Poverty I am hungry...if we had a computer we could have ordered food through a website

4. Poverty Line A tool to measure poverty Refers to the minimum amount of money a person needs to provide for basic needs. It differs from society to society. It is measured to the relative average household disposable income. People who have less than half the average income on which to survive are generally regarded as below the poverty line.

5. Start here Effects on Poverty High unemployment + recession leads to a rise in poverty Low unemployment + boom economy leads to a drop in poverty. History of Poverty in Ireland Dropped in early 1970s Rose in late 1970s Rose in 1980s Dropped in 1990s due to Celtic Tiger Continued to drop 2004 -2007 Rose from 2008 to current times…

6. Groups at Risk Unemployed Less Ed. Skills Children+ Low Paid 50% below Median Poverty Trap Work less Income Lone Parent Sick Disabled High medical Expenses Insurance transport Inadequate Social welfare Older People Pensions Less income Travellers Discrimination Social exclusion Low Ed Homelessness

7. Deprivation Deprivation is assessed by using non-monetary indicators e.g.  Not owning a winter coat  Not owning two pairs of shoes  Experiencing any debt problems in the last month… Consistent Poverty: The combination of Income Poverty (falling below the poverty line) and Deprivation

8. Minimum Disposable income required to avoid poverty in 2010 Household Weekly AnnualPoverty Line 1 Adult224. 7511,719 1 Adult + 1 child298.9215,586 1 Adult + 2 child373.0919,454 1 Adult + 3 child447.2523,321 2 Adults373.0919,454 2 Adult + 1 child447.2523,321 2 Adult + 2 child521.4227,188

9. Measuring Poverty CSO Central Statistic Office  The official statistics on poverty in Ireland are compiled by the CSO.  Poverty threshold - 60% of median income €12,455 pa / €239.47 per week  At Risk2008 14.4% 610,538  Consistent2008 4.2% 178,074

10. Causes of Poverty Use this graphic organiser when summarising a topic or when investigating multiple cause and effects factors associated with a complex topic and how they interrelate. Poverty Culture Social Welfare Unemployment Poor Education Malnutrition Lack of confidence Feeling of failure Deprived childhood Low income Low work ethic Role model values and behaviour of Parent Social welfare high No incentive to work Dependency culture Social welfare low Cycle revolves Geographical Location Housing/high rise Poverty black spots Inner cities Local authority housing Social stigma Industrial + Social Change Less skilled … Higher cost of living Housing Cost Prohibitive mortgage costs Shortage of social housing Cycle of Deprivation

11. Effects of Poverty Stress Psychology Problems…depression etc. Malnutrition Serious chronic illness Homelessness Poor standards of Education Sub standard housin g

12. Impact of Poverty on Children Exclusion from everyday social activities and experiences of other children. Early school learning and unfulfilled educational potential. Exposure to drug and alcohol abuse, anti-social behaviour and early lone motherhood.

13. Poverty Trap If an unemployed individual (who is in receipt of a number of means-tested state benefits) should find employment and return to work. The result may be that their gains in income can be lost if some or all of the means-tested benefits are withdrawn as a result of their return to employment.

14. Influence of Social Policy on Poverty EU Social Policy – EU sets out guidelines on poverty for EU member states. Ireland’s social policy provides adequate income to meet the needs of those receiving state benefits. State benefits in Ireland are long term and generous in comparison to other Western countries. Housing, education, employment, taxation and healthcare policies all affect poverty.