1. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

2. The Islamic Heartlands in the Middle and Late Abbasid Eras
Abbasid empire weakened, 9th century – 1258AD, peasant revolts, civil war, Shiites remained unreconciled (purges), succession not secure, imperial extravagance, tax burden increases, agriculture suffers, Seljuk Turks (1055), Mongol Incursions
The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

3. The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak
The Declining Position of Women = Seclusion, veil, polygamy
The Impact of the Christian Crusades 1096, Western European Christian knights small kingdoms established, Saladin retakes lands last in 1291 (Kingdom of Heaven – Movie Night on January 16th 2:45pm)
Flowering of Islamic Learning (Golden Age) = Urban growth where merchants thrive, Persian becomes the court language for administration and Persian literature thrives (ex. Thousand and One Nights), Arabic still used for religion, law & sciences, achievements in math (algebra) & sciences (chemistry and medicine), Mohammad al-Razi’s medical encyclopedia, built on Greek work
The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

4. The Spread of Islam, 10th-16th Centuries
III. The Coming of Islam to South Asia
By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central areas of both India and Africa
Conflict between two different systems
Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism (many Buddhist convert)
Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system
The Spread of Islam, 10th-16th Centuries

5. The Spread of Islam, 10th-16th Centuries
The Coming of Islam to South Asia
Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions
First Muslims came as traders which leads to peaceful conversion, 8th century
attacks lead to invasion (Delhi Sultanate)
Muhammad ibn Qasim, Indians treated as dhimmi
B. Indian also Influences Islamic Civilization
Math, medicine, music, astronomy
India influences Arab
D. Patterns of Conversion
Converts especially among Buddhists, lower castes, untouchables; conversion to escape taxes, Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th centuries
The Spread of Islam, 10th-16th Centuries

6. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
EIGHT!!!
AFRICA!!!
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

7. I. African Societies: Diversity and Similarities
Political forms vary
Different religions
A. Stateless Societies
Kinship fundamental
B. Common Elements in African Societies
Bantu migration
one language base
Animism
cosmology
ethical code
C. The Arrival of Islam in North Africa
Part of Mediterranean
Arrival of Islam
Spain, by 711
Berber assist conversion in Western Sahara (Ghana, Mali, and Songhai)

8. Empires of the Western Sudan
D. The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia
Copts
Egyptian Christians
welcome Muslims b/c more fair than Byzantium
spread to Nubia (Kush)
Ethiopia
heirs to Axum
A. Sudanic States
Rulers sacred
Islam
from 900s
supports state
B. The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the “Lion Prince”= gold trade
Mansa Musa (Timbuktu) and his famous pilgrimage to Mecca (Salt and Gold)
brings back Ishal al-Sahili
beaten clay architecture
Empires of the Western Sudan