1. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Project Management Chapter 7 Project Manager’s Toolkit for Time Management

2. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Project Managers Tool-kit for time management Work-breakdown structures (WBS) Gantt chart Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM)

3. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Project Managers Tool-kit for time management Work-breakdown structures (WBS) Gantt chart Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM)

4. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Work Breakdown Structure WBS = breaking down the project into a cohesive set of synchronous and specific tasks Work Packages are individual project activities 1.0 1.21.31.4 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.2.3.1 1.2.3.2 Deliverables are major project components Subdeliverables are supporting deliverables The project is the overall project under development

5. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Work Breakdown Structure Breaks the project down into pieces and then to arrange the pieces in a logical way. This helps to: indicate how schedules and costs will be managed give visibility to important or risky work efforts allow mapping of requirements and deliverables foster ownership provide performance standards make sense to all role players and stake holders

6. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Project Managers Tool-kit for time management Work-breakdown structures (WBS) Gantt chart Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM)

7. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 GANTT chart Typically show the task name and start and finish date for each task They will have to change with time but are useful starting points

8. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Examples of GANTT charts GANTT charts are created in packages such as Microsoft Project But GANTT charts can also be created in Excel or in MS Word

9. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Project Managers Tool-kit for time management Work-breakdown structures (WBS) Gantt chart Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM)

10. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart Network techniques Used for displaying project schedules that depict tasks and the dependencies between tasks.

11. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart Network techniques Widely used for displaying project schedules that depict tasks and the dependencies between tasks. Can be made up of: events (circles) activities (arrows) non-activities (dotted lines)

12. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) chart PERT is useful for determining how much time a project needs for completion Each activity is assigned a best, worst, and most probable completion time estimate, from which an average can be calculated This average is then used to find the critical path.

13. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) chart Time you estimate the activity will take

14. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Project Managers Tool-kit for time management Work-breakdown structures (WBS) Gantt chart Programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM)

15. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Critical Path Method or Analysis Can you remember when you were involved in a project and asked to give a completion time? How easy was it? Most people seriously underestimate the time it takes for projects, they often don’t know what to prioritise Critical Path Analysis is very useful tool here

16. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Critical Path Method This technique is a modelling process used to predict project duration by analysing which sequence of activities has the least amount of scheduling flexibility Flexibility known as ‘slack’ or ‘float’ Latest finish – earliest start – duration = float If float equals zero, this item is on the critical path

17. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Critical Path Method Example: Doing your assignment When is the earliest start date? When is the latest finish date? How long is the duration? How much float do you have? Is it on the critical path for achieving your degree?

18. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Critical Path Method Example: Writing your research project When is the earliest start date? When is the latest finish date? How long is the duration? How much float do you have? Is it on the critical path for achieving your degree? Research project: XXXXXXXXX Xxxxxx

19. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Critical Path Analysis Helps calculate minimum length of time in which a project can be completed and which activities should be prioritised to complete by that date Helps you focus on the critical activities Based on an assumption that some activities are dependent on other activities being completed first (sequential). If activities are not dependent, then they can be done at any time or ‘parallel’ to other tasks.

20. Dr. Jana Jagodick Polytechnic of Namibia, 2012 Exercise putting these techniques into practice Completing your project management course Break down into WBS – what are all the activities you need to think of in getting you through this Let’s put together a schedule for this What about interdependencies? How long do we think things might take? Critical path analysis ?