1. Development of Practices for Ecosystem-based Fishery Management in the United States: the North Pacific CAPITOL HILL OCEANS WEEK JUNE 9-10, 2004 David L. Fluharty School of Marine Affairs University of Washington

2. FOCUS ON FISHERIES AND ECOSYSTEMS 1996 SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES ACT MANDATES ECOSYSTEM PRINCIPLES ADVISORY PANEL – REPORT TO CONGRESS 1999 1999-2004 DRAFT BILLS FOR MSFCMA REAUTHORIZATION CALL FOR ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT APPROACHES 2004. MANAGING OUR NATION’S FISHERIES: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE. D. Witherell, Ed. Proceedings of a Conference Washington. D.C. Nov. 13-15, 2003. 2004. CHESAPEAKE BAY FISHERIES ECOSYSTEM PLAN

3. ECOSYSTEM-BASED FISHERY MANAGEMENT “USING WHAT YOU KNOW “USING WHAT YOU KNOW ABOUT THE ECOSYSTEM TO MANAGE FISHERIES”

4. ECOSYSTEM-BASED FISHERY MANAGEMENT IS NOT ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT

5. PREREQUISITES OF ECOSYSTEM-BASED MGT. EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF FISHERIES BY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ABILITY TO ENFORCE REGULATIONS ABILITY TO MONITOR HARVESTS - INCLUDING BYCATCH ABILITY TO CONTROL CAPACITY TO FISH

6. U.S. OCEAN COMMISSION REPORT 2004 “REFINE THE EXISTING FISHERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM…. TO STRENGTHEN THE USE OF SCIENCE AND TO MOVE TOWARD A MORE ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT APPROACH.”

7. Example: Alaska Groundfish

8. ALASKA REGION ASSESSMENT Witherell, D., C. Pautzke and D. Fluharty. 2000. An ecosystem-based approach for Alaska groundfish fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57:771-777. Pat Livingston, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA Alaska Groundfish Programmatic SEIS

9. ECOSYSTEM APPROACHES ALASKA “What’s Different?” INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT FOR CONSERVATION AND ALLOCATION/ SCIENCE-BASED MGT. CAP ON TOTAL HARVESTS CONSERVATIVE CATCH LIMITS BYCATCH ACCOUNTING INDUSTRY FUNDED OBSERVER PROGRAM FISHERY MARINE PROTECTED AREAS BAN ON FORAGE FISH HARVEST

10. Ecosystem Measures and Influences Gear

11. INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL COMMITTEE PERFORMS PEER REVIEW – COUNCIL ACCEPTS ADVICE 1995 ECOSYSTEM CHAPTER IN ANNUAL STOCK ASSESSMENT FISHERY EVALUATION REPORTS 1996 ECOSYSTEM COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED

12. ECOSYSTEM STATUS: Physical Environment and Links to Production

13. CONSERVATIVE CATCH LIMITS AND BYCATCH ACCOUNTING

16. FISHERY MANAGEMENT MARINE PROTECTED AREAS APPROXIMATELY 25% OF CONTINENTAL SHELF IN BERING SEA CLOSED TO TRAWLING APPROXIMATELY 60,000 SQ.N.MI.

18. Steller Sea Lion Protection Measures 1990, Sea lions listed as Threatened-closures around haulouts and rookeries Seasonal and spatial apportionment of pollock, cod, and mackerel from 1991 Prohibition on forage fish harvest 1997 -- Additional Area/fishery closures in 2001

20. IMPLEMENTATION - EFH FULL LIFE-CYCLE APPROACH IDENTIFY EFH [100 % OF AREA] MEASURES MUST MEET STANDARD TO MINIMIZE TO EXTENT PRACTICABLE EFFECTS OF FISHING ON HABITAT [MITIGATE EFFECTS THAT ARE MORE THAN SIGNIFICANT/ NOT MORE THAN TEMPORARY]

23. IMPLEMENTATION - NEPA STELLER SEA LION EIS 2002 [AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE] ALASKA GROUNDFISH PSEIS 2004 9 VOLUMES + EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7000+ PAGES WEIGHT 41.5 LBS. 19 KG

24. ECOSYSTEM –BASED MGT. POLICY ADVICE CHANGE BURDEN OF PROOF APPLY PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE PURCHASE “INSURANCE” LEARN FROM MANAGEMENT EXPERIENCE USE INCENTIVES TO ACHIEVE GOALS PROMOTE FAIRNESS AND EQUITY

25. EXPECTATIONS FISHERIES WILL CHANGE UNDER ECOSYSTEM-BASED MGT. FISHERIES WILL BE MANAGED FOR ABUNDANCE NOT SCARCITY, I.E., LOWER HARVEST RATE FROM HIGHER BIOMASS LESS FISHING CAPACITY AND EMPLOYMENT BUT HIGHER INCOME AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY

26. EXPECTATIONS [CONT.] PRACTICES WITH HIGH HABITAT IMPACTS REPLACED BY ALTERNATE FISHING TECHNIQUES GREATER USE OF SPATIALLY EXPLICIT MANAGEMENT MEASURES RESTRICTIONS ON FISHERIES TO ACCOMPLISH OTHER GOALS, E.G., BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION

27. ECOSYSTEM-BASED APPROACHES ARE BEING DEVELOPED NOAA FISHERIES TECHNICAL GUIDELINES 2004 PILOT PROJECTS FUNDED 2004+ NEW ENGLAND MID ATLANTIC SOUTH ATLANTIC GULF OF MEXICO MICHAEL SISSENWINE. NOAA FISHERIES, DIRECTOR OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS AND CHIEF SCIENCE ADVISOR