1. Ecosystem resilience to climate change at the land-ocean interface

2. Climate change Sea level rise, bleaching, storm frequency and intensity, acidification, habitat shift, etc

4. The Global Programme of Action

5. The challenge … To help governments build the resilience of coastal systems by developing, mainstreaming and implementing comprehensive, continuous and adaptive programmes of action

7. What have we learned?

8. Comprehensive … Set SMART targets for:  Nutrients – agriculture, sewage, atmospheric  POPs, Heavy metals and hydrocarbons  Litter  Radioactive waste  Sediment  Physical alteration and destruction of habitat

9. Continuing … Appropriately financed  Domestic revenue  Tariffs and taxes  Subsidies and MBIs  Bonds  Multilateral finance Reporting and accountability framework

10. Adaptive … Science-based Management monitoring Bio-physical monitoring Programmed reviews Structured and empowered governance mechanism

11. Ecosystem-based management Decentralize or coordinate? Involve municipal authorities Involve communities, non-governmental stakeholders Inter-agency responses

12. Thank you