1. ROCKS & LANDFORMS REVIEW

2. Lab 1: Types of Rock 1. List and describe the 3 groups of rocks.
Igneous- Forms from cooled magma or lava
Sedimentary- made of sediments that compacted over time
Metamorphic- Forms due to heat & pressure
2. List and describe 5 processes of the rock cycle.
Cooling of magma or lava forms igneous rock
Weathering of a rock forms sediments
Lithification of sediments forms sedimentary rock
Heat & pressure on a rock creates metamorphic rock
Melting of a rock forms magma
3. Lava is molten rock on the earth’s surface and magma is molten material inside the earth.
4. An intrusive rock forms inside the earth and an extrusive rock forms on the surface.
5. All rocks are made up of minerals.
**So it can be said that a mineral is like the ingredient to a mixture (the rock)

3. ROCK CYCLE (L) (B) (C) (H) (D) (K) (A) (E) (F) (I) (N) (J) (G) (M)
melting
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
(G)
(H)
(I)
(J)
(K)
(L)
(M)
(N)
ROCK CYCLE

4. ROCK CYCLE (L) cooling (B) melting (C) (H) (D) (K) (A) (E) (F) (I) (N)
(J)
(K)
(L)
(M)
(N)
igneous rock
cooling
melting
Weathering & erosion
Heat & pressure
ROCK CYCLE
sediments
melting
melting
Weathering & erosion
lithification
metamorphic rock
Weathering & erosion
Heat & pressure
Sedimentary rock

5. Lab 2: Maps
6. A geologic map shows the ages and types of rocks at the surface.
7. A topographic map shows elevation and shape of physical land features.
8. Define:
Contour line – connects points of the same elevation
Contour interval – distance between each contour line
Elevation – height of land above sea level

6. Lab 3&4: Weathering 9. Explain chemical weathering.
Changes the chemical structure of the rock
Water can: Dissolve minerals
Cause rust to form
10. List and explain 3 types of physical weathering.
Ice wedging: water seeps into cracks-freezes-expands-thaws
Plant roots: grows in cracks-breaks rock apart
Rock Abrasion: rocks rub or collide due to wind or moving water

7. Lab 5&6: Erosional & depositional Landforms
11. Where would you expect a delta to form?
At the mouth of a river (meeting of a river and an ocean)
12. What structure keeps sand from filling in a shipping channel?
Jetty

8. Lab 7: Glaciers 13. What is a Glacier?
A large mass of ice that moves because of its weight and gravity.
14. Define:
- Terminus: the front edge of the glacier.
- Moraine: mound of sediment deposited at the front of a glacier.
Valley Glacier: forms on top of a mountain and flows into valleys like “rivers of ice”
15. Describe why a glacier would advance.
Glaciers advance if there is more snowfall and less melting
16. Describe why a glacier would retreat.
Glaciers retreat if there is less snowfall and more melting.

9. Earth Systems Geosphere: the solid earth and all its layers
Hydrosphere: all the planets water
Atmosphere: the gases that surround the planet
Biosphere: living organisms
- Antrosphere: man made structure