1. Emissions Inventory (EI) James Payne Environmental Protection Department Morongo Band of Mission Indians

2. 2 What is an Emissions Inventory?  Two-part process involving identification of potential emission sources and then calculating estimated quantities of pollutants emitted by those sources

3. 3 Purpose of Emissions Inventory  Identify sources of air emissions  Quantify estimated emissions from sources  Establish baseline for future air-related activities  Monitoring  Updated EIs  PSD classification  Permitting or compliance activities

4. 4 Uses of Emissions Inventory  Provides key portion of general environmental assessment  Demonstrate contribution of tribal lands to local emissions  Develop emissions control strategies  Assist in locating ambient monitoring sites and selecting monitoring equipment  Assist in filling EI data gap by reporting to National Emissions Inventory (NEI) database  When repeated, can indicate effects of economic development and tribal air program

5. 5 Uses of EI (cont.)  Assist in “Major Source” determination, permits, and compliance evaluations  HAPS / MACT  Title V  New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)  Emissions Trading  Toxic Release Inventory  Environmental Audits  Pollution prevention

6. 6 Inventory Steps  Source identification  Emissions Inventory Preparation Plan (IPP)  QA/QC important from early on  Must identify use of data to know type to be collected  Inspection to verify sources/emissions  Emission estimates/calculations  Presentation/use of results

7. 7 What should be inventoried?  Point sources  Process vents  Boilers  Incinerator stacks  Mobile sources  Cars & trucks  Trains, boats, aircrafts  Heavy equipment  Recreational vehicles

8. 8 What should be inventoried? (cont.)  Fugitive, area/non-point sources  Open burning  Wild/controlled forest fires  Biogenic emissions (vegetation, soils)  Woodstoves & other fuel combustion  Agricultural practices  Paved & unpaved roads  Small sources (drycleaners, paint shops, gas stations, other)

9. 9 Morongo Scope of Emissions Inventory 1999 & 2007

10. 10 Morongo Scope of Emissions Inventory 1999 & 2007  Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) / SOx  Nitrogen Oxides (NO & NO 2 ) / NOx  Carbon Monoxide (CO) / CO  Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) / VOC’s  Particulate Matter < 10 µm (PM 10 ) / (PM 10 )  Particulate Matter < 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 )

11. 11 Where do I start?  Identify sources impacting your reservation; internal and external  Identify areas of concern if inventorying entire reservation is not feasible  EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI Data)  “Windshield survey”  “Phonebook survey”  “Household questionnaires” or door-to-door polling  Obtain a copy of ITEP’s Tribal Emissions Inventory Software Solution (TEISS)

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14. 14 Information Gathered  Existing data (from sources, air pollution control authorities, dept. of transportation, permits, other information sources)  Description/location of all sources and related equipment & processes  Modeling parameters (if used)  Other information needed for calculations based on AP-42 or TEISS

15. 15 Information Gathered (cont.)  Point/Stationary sources  Process flow diagram  Make-up of individual exhaust streams  Gas flow rates  Control device efficiencies (if applicable)  Material use types and quantities  Operating schedules (24/7, seasonal, event)

16. 16 Information Gathered (cont.)  Mobile sources  Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)  Road surface types  Vehicle types & use  Off-road sources (use)  Area/Non-point sources  Types of operations/emissions  “Activity data” needed to calculate emissions  Pollution-management practices

17. 17 Information Gathered: Examples  Cords of wood burned per year  Number of acres tilled per year  Miles of dirt/paved roads  Number of vehicles using sections of road  Tons of gravel processed  Number of hours burn barrels are used per year  Gallons of solvent purchased/recycled

18. 18 Morongo Internal and External Sources  MOBILE SOURCES  Passenger cars, trucks and motorcycles  Local roads  Freeway  Weigh Station  Municipal Airport  Trains  AREA/NON-POINT SOURCES  Small sources spread throughout an area  Heaters  Generators  Wood stoves and fireplaces  Quarries  Wind blown dust from unpaved roads  Outdoor burning activities (ceremonial fires, trash burning)  STATIONARY SOURCES  Industrial and commercial facilities  Cogeneration facility (x2)

19. 19 Cogeneration Facility

20. 20 Rock Quarry/Asphalt Plant

21. 21 Diesel Generators

22. 22 Forest Fires

23. 23 Quantify Emissions  Stack tests and continuous emission monitors (CEMs)  Most accurate  Expensive  Data evaluation requires expertise  Engineering estimations  Not based on specific studies  Best judgment

24. 24 Quantify Emissions (cont.)  Material balances  “What goes in must come out” philosophy  Not applicable to all pollutants (eg., NO x,, O 3 )  Example: use of purchase records and RCRA disposal records to compute emissions of perchloroethylene (dry cleaning solvent) Air emissions = (amount of PERC purchased) – (amount of PERC waste disposed of)

25. 25 Emissions Factors  Pre-determined ratios/numbers used to calculate emissions  AP-42 (Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, U.S. EPA)  Conservative estimations  Based on specific studies  Many emission factors published, available  Other sources of emissions factors  FIRE database  State/local air pollution control districts

26. 26 Reporting/Updates  Target audience  Narrative report with tables of categorized results  Sensitive data may/may not be included  Update as necessary or every 5 years

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28. 28 Conclusions from Morongo 1999 & 2007 Inventory  Trains and I-10 traffic contribute almost all of SO 2 and NO x emissions both On- and Off-Reservation;  I-10 traffic contributes most of CO and ROG emissions in the Study Area, followed by local traffic and heating, both On- and Off- Reservation;  Local traffic was the primary source of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions in 1999, both On- and Off-Reservation. This effect is caused mostly by travel on unpaved roads  I-10 traffic was the primary source of PM10 in 2007.  On-Reservation and Off-Reservation emissions are similar in magnitude.

29. 29 Recap of Morongo EI  Previous EI  Used TEISS to identify new and existing sources  Using consultant to quantify specific emissions from generators  Data used as a comparison to evaluate sources and concerns

30. 30 Questions/Discussion I’m still very sorry about that…