1. Chapter Twenty The People and Cultures of Africa Afropop: African World Music

2. Tribal Drumming Drums are made of local native materials (hollow tree trunks) and served as an early form of long distance communication. They are also used during ceremonial and religious functions.

3. Congotronics: Postmodern African Music

6. Religion and Society in Early Africa Common cultural inheritance –Basic languages –Animist beliefs Oral traditions –Reverence for elderly, ancestor worship Emphasis on family, community –Evolution of powerful kingdoms

7. Three Early African Kingdoms: Ghana, Benin, Zimbabwe Ghana –Caravan routes –Increased wealth from exported goods –Conquered by Berbers Benin (Nigeria) –New food crops, metalworking techniques –Ruled by an Oba –Decline after massive slave deportation

8. Bronze frieze of a Benin Oba (15 th century)

9. Altar to the Hand and Arm, Benin (17 th century)

10. Three Early African Kingdoms: Ghana, Benin, Zimbabwe Zimbabwe –Stone Age settlements (bushmen) –“Great Zimbabwe” complex –The Shona Ancestral spirits as birds, eagles

12. African Literature Somalian oral traditions –Raage Ugaas (18th century) –Qamaan Bulhan (mid-19th century) Swahili-Arabic script –Recording traditional, new songs –Saiyid Abdallah (c. 1720-1810)

13. African Literature Negritude –Leopold Senghor (1906-1989) –Compromise with Neo-Colonialism? African vs. Western language –Thomas Mofolo (1875?-1948) –Chinua Achebe (b. 1930)

14. Traditional African Art in the Modern Period Functional, traditional –Religious objects –Maternity figures –Masks Complexity of influences –Western tendencies

15. Maasai feather headdress