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Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 1 SS Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes High resolution global.

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Presentation on theme: "Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 1 SS Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes High resolution global."— Presentation transcript:

1 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 1 SS Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes High resolution global imaging from Polar is a critical element for determining solar influenced controls of the upper atmosphere The importance of magnetospheric dynamics on the aeronomy of the upper atmosphere is known but it has never been clear how important, how extensive, how often, and how extreme the effect can be. Polar imaging provides a global view of the location and allows the intensity of the energetic processes to be inferred. Polar investigators have shown that catalytic atmospheric species can vary by as much as a factor of ten during extreme storm conditions. Precipitating electrons Nitric oxide abundance

2 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 2 SS Measurements: Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes POLAR Global variations in energetic particle precipitation and global variations in the atmospheric O/N 2 ratio at 100-300 km altitude. PIXIE: auroral X-rays quantify global >5 keV electron precipitation UVI: auroral UV (130.4, 135.6, 140-160, 160-175, 175-190 nm) VIS: auroral visible & UV (130.4, 391.4, 557.5, 630.0, 656.3, 732.0 nm) SNOE Swaths of nitric oxide density in the 100-200 km altitude lower thermosphere. UVS: auroral UV (215, 237 nm)

3 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 3 SS Observations: Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes NO(and NO 2 ) enhancements are often confined to the region of production which can reach into the upper stratosphere. Downward transport can extend perturbations in O 3 chemistry to lower regions of the stratosphere. measure of atmospheric nitric oxide measure of precipitating keV electrons measure of magnetospheric storm activity greater than five-fold variation

4 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 4 SS Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes Observations: 4 Energetic electron precipitation dissociates N 2 to produce N( 2 D) and N( 4 S) that in turn produce enhanced NO and NO 2. The precipitation will also dissociate water vapor enhancing HO x. Enhancements within the mesosphere-thermosphere system, and their consequences on the stratosphere, can persist for many hours and sometimes days.

5 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 5 SS Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes Observations: Ring current decay precipitates energetic O and H. On reaching the atmosphere, neutral O ionizes again from collisions, and then radiatively recombines yielding the O emission. Here, the O/N 2 ratio is drastically reduced during strong activity. Because N 2 is relatively stable, oxygen outflow into the magnetosphere probably caused most of the variation. Polar/UVI O/N 2 ratio showing atmospheric oxygen depletion following the July “Bastille Day”

6 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 6 SS Interpretation and Implications: Polar Quantifies Magnetospheric Drivers of Upper Atmospheric Chemistry Changes Separation of natural and human-induced effects on the abundance of stratospheric ozone and odd nitrogen species require understanding of the natural processes leading to the formation and destruction of NO x and O x. POLAR, together with SAMPEX and SNOE shows how auroral and geomagnetic activity have a significant impact on Earth's atmospheric chemistry during major space weather storms. Petrinec, S. M., W. L. Imhof, D. L. Chenette, J. Mobilia, and T. J. Rosenberg, Dayside/nightside auroral X-ray emission differences and implications for ionospheric conductance, Geophys. Res., Lett., 20, 3277, 2000. Liou, K., P. T. Newell, C.-I. Meng, M. Brittnacher, and G. Parks, Characteristics of the solar wind controlled auroral emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17543, 1998. Barth, C. A., Baker, D.N., Mankoff K.D., and Bailey S.M., The Northern Auroral Region as Observed in Nitric Oxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1463, 2001.

7 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 7 SS

8 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 8 SS Backup Slides

9 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 9 SS Polar Orbit 2001-2005

10 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 10 SS Strength of the Solar Cycle Strength of Geomagnetic Activity Solar Max vs the Declining Phase

11 Space Science MO&DA Programs - August 2001 - Page 11 SS Energetic Particles and the Solar Cycle Phases of the solar cycle bring very different solar input conditions which in turn, result in very different magnetospheric responses

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