1. Traffic & Highway Engineering Fourth Edition, SI Nicholas J. Garber Lester A. Hoel 2010

2. Introduction Transportation is essential for a nation's development and growth. Opportunities for engineering careers in transportation are exciting and rewarding. Highway, rail, airport, and mass transit systems. New techniques are being applied for operating and maintaining the systems safely and economically. Many organizations and agencies exist to plan, design, build, operate, and maintain the nation's transportation system.

3. Introduction Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation Importance of Transportation Transportation History Transportation Employment

4. The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1

5. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation For as long as the human race has existed, transportation has played a significant role by facilitating trade, commerce, conquest, and social interaction. The primary need for transportation has been economic, involving personal travel in search of food or work, travel for the exchange of goods and commodities, exploration, personal fulfillment, and the improvement of a society or a nation.

6. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation The movements of people and goods, which is the basis of transportation, basic objectives or tasks that require transfer from one location to another. For example, a farmer must transport produce to market, a doctor must see a patient in the office or in the hospital, and a salesman must visit clients located throughout a territory. Every day, millions of people leave their homes and travel to a workplace-be it a factory, office, classroom, or distant city.

7. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION The speed, Cost, Capacity of transportation have a significant impact on economic vitality, and to make maximum use of its natural resources. countries with advanced transportation systems are leaders in industry and commerce.

8. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation 1.1.1 Transportation and Economic Growth Students are requested to read this topic and to discuss it in the next lecture

9. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation 1.1.2 Social Costs and Benefits of Transportation Students are requested to read this topic and to discuss it in the next lecture

10. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation 1.1.3 Transportation in the United States Is transportation very important? Why should you study the subject? how transportation impacts people's daily lives?. amount of land consumed for transportation facilities, can exceed 50% of the land area. statistics

11. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation 1.1.3 Transportation in the United States Bureau of Transportation Statistics of the U.S. Approximately 18% of US. household expenditure is related to transportation. Transportation accounts for about 28% of total energy consumption. Almost 100% of the energy utilized for propelling transport vehicles is derived from petroleum resources.

12. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation Over 50% of all petroleum products consumed in the United States are for transportation purposes. Over 80% of eligible drivers are licensed to operate a motor vehicle. Each person in the Unites States travels an average of 19,300 km each year.

13. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation Over 10% of the work force is employed in a transportation-related activity. There are almost 6.5 million km of paved roadway, of which 1,213,400 km are used for intercity travel and 75,300 km are interstate highways. There are approximately 225,800 km of freight railroads, 5300 public use airports, 41,850 km of navigable channels, and 577,700 km of oil and gas pipelines.

14. Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation Figure 1.6 The Profession of Transportation Engineering

15. 1.1Background 1.1.1 Roads and Civilization  The wheel was invented in 5000 BC years.  This made necessary the construction of special hard surfaces of roads.  Ancient roads were built to suit the old mode of transportation (horses, donkeys and carts). Motor vehicles used these roads and in many cases they were not very suitable.  Roads improve communication and hence civilisation.  The prosperity of a nation is bound up with the state of its roads.

16.  History of Car  In 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was a military tractor invented by French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot.  Cugnot used a steam engine to power his vehicle,steam engine  Speed (2.5 mile/h)  The vehicle had to stop every ten to fifteen minutes to build up steam power.

17.  History of Car (continue) 1.1Background  In 1771, Cugnot drove one of his road vehicles into a stone wall, making Cugnot the first person to get into a motor vehicle accident.  This was the beginning of bad luck for the inventor.  After one of Cugnot's patrons died and the other was injured, the money for Cugnot's road vehicle experiments ended.  Between 1832 and 1839 Robert Anderson of Scotland invented the first electric car. Electric cars used rechargeable batteries that powered a small electric motor.  The vehicles were heavy, slow, expensive, and needed to stop for recharging

18.  History of Car (continue) Background  Around 1885s, the Early Gasoline-Powered Cars was invented which was better than the electric and steam engine cars

19. Growth of the number of motor vehicles In Britain

20. Growth of the number of motor vehicles In Palestine In 1997 there was 1 car for every 21 people in Gaza Strip. Based on a population of 963,026. In 2004 there was 1 car for every 25 people in Gaza Strip. Based on a population of 1337236.

21. Growth of the number of motor vehicles In Palestine

22. Transportation Systems and Organizations Chapter 2

23. Introduction Transportation System & Organization Developing a Transportation System Models of Transportation Transportation Organization

24. Discussion: Percentage of land consumed for transportation No. of registered vehicles in Gaza Strip in 2010 Transportation and Economic Growth Social costs and benefits of transportation Chapter1 The Profession of Transportation (Review) Chapter 1 The Profession of Transportation (Review)