1. Medical Dosage Calculation Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton CHAPTER Tenth Edition A Dimensional Analysis Approach Converting from One System of Measurement to Another 5

2. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Directory Classroom Response System Questions Lecture Note Presentation

3. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Classroom Response System Questions

4. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #1 Convert 75 micrograms to milligrams.

5. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #1 Choices 1.0.075 mg 2.0.57 mg 3.0.75 mg 4.0.0075 mg

6. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #1 Response 1.0.075 mg 2.0.57 mg 3.0.75 mg 4.0.0075 mg

7. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #2 The prescriber has ordered 25 milligrams of captopril (Capoten) po. What is the equivalent quantity in micrograms?

8. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #2 Choices 1.0.00025 mcg 2.25,000 mg 3.2,500 mcg 4.25,000 mcg

9. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #2 Response 1.0.00025 mcg 2.25,000 mg 3.2,500 mcg 4.25,000 mcg

10. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #3 The prescriber ordered Cyanocobalomin 200 mcg po. What would be the equivalent in milligrams?

11. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #3 Choices 1.0.2 mg 2.0.02 g 3.0.002 mg 4.2 mg

12. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #3 Response 1.0.2 mg 2.0.02 g 3.0.002 mg 4.2 mg

13. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #4 Convert 450 milliliters to liters.

14. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #4 Choices 1.0.45 mL 2.0.0045 L 3.0.45 L 4.45 L

15. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #4 Response 1.0.45 mL 2.0.0045 L 3.0.45 L 4.45 L

16. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #5 A patient’s weight went from 290 lb to 246 lb. How many kilograms did the patient lose?

17. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #5 Choices 1.16 kg 2.18 kg 3.20 kg 4.22 kg

18. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Question #5 Response 1.16 kg 2.18 kg 3.20 kg 4.22 kg

19. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Lecture Note Presentation

20. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Learning Objectives 1.State the equivalent units of weight between the metric and household systems. 2.State the equivalent units of volume between the metric and household systems. 3.State the equivalent units of length between the metric and household systems.

21. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Learning Objectives (continued) 4.Convert a quantity from one system of measurement to its equivalent in another system of measurement.

22. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Equivalents of Common Units of Household and Metric Measurement

23. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Table 5.1 Approximate Equivalents between Metric and Household Units of Volume,Weight, and Length

24. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Table 5.2 Summary Table of Equivalents Within and Approximate Equivalents Between Metric and Household Units of Volume

25. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Note: Here are some useful equivalents: 6 t = 2 T = 1 oz = 30 mL

26. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Figure 5.2 Medication cup filled to 10 mL.

27. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Figure 5.1 Medication cups showing equivalent units.

28. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Convert 8 teaspoons to an equivalent volume measured in milliliters. Equivalence needed for the unit fraction is 1 t = 5 mL Example 5.1 8 t = ? mL

29. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton So, 8 t = 40 mL Example 5.1 (continued) = 40 mL

30. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Convert 60 milliliters to an equivalent volume measured in ounces. Example 5.2 Equivalence needed for the unit fraction is 1 oz = 30 mL 60 mL = ? oz

31. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton 1 2 Example 5.2 (continued) So, 60 mL = 2 oz = 2 oz

32. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton A patient weighs 150 pounds. What is the patient’s weight measured in kilograms? 150 lb = ? kg The equivalence needed for the unit fraction is 1 kg = 2.2 lb Example 5.3

33. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton = 68.18 kg So, the 150 lb patient weighs about 68 kg. Example 5.3 (continued)

34. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton An Infant weighs 4 kilograms. What is the infant’s weight measured in pounds and ounces? First convert 4 kg to pounds: 4 kg = ? lb Example 5.4

35. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton The equivalence needed for the unit fraction is 1 kg = 2.2 lb = 8.8 lb Example 5.4 (continued)

36. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Now, convert 0.8 lb to ounces. 0.8 lb = ? oz So, the 4 kg infant weighs about 8 lb 13 oz Example 5.4 (continued) = 12.8 oz ≈ 13 oz

37. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton A tumor has a diameter of 2 inches. What is the diameter of the tumor measured in millimeters? 2 in = ? mm The unit fraction is obtained from the fact that 1 inch = 2.5 cm First change the inches to centimeters Example 5.5

38. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton = 5 cm So, the 2 inch tumor has a diameter of 5 centimeters. Example 5.5 (continued)

39. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Now, change 5 cm to millimeters. meterdecimetercentimetermillimeter mdmcmmm To convert centimeters to millimeters is a jump of 1 place to the right. Example 5.5 (continued) 5 cm = ? mm

40. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton So, in 5 cm, move the decimal point 1 place to the right. So, the tumor has a diameter of 50 millimeters. 5 cm = 5.0 cm 5 0 mm Example 5.5 (continued)

41. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton A medication cup contains 22.5 milliliters of a solution. How many tablespoons are in the medication cup? Example 5.6

42. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Jennifer weights 115 pounds 8 ounces. What is her weight in kilograms? Example 5.7

43. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton An infant weighs 6 kilograms. What is the infant’s weight measured in pounds and ounces? Example 5.8

44. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton A tumor has a diameter of 2 inches. What is the diameter of the tumor measured in millimeters? Example 5.9

45. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Chapter Summary It is important to memorize all the equivalences for volume, weight, and length between the metric and household systems of measurement. Dimensional Analysis can be used to perform conversions between the metric and household systems.

46. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Chapter Summary The equivalences between systems are not exact equivalences; they are approximate equivalences. When performing conversions between two systems, your answers are not exact; they are approximate. Chapter Summary

47. Copyright ©2012, ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Dosage Calculations: A Dimensional Analysis Approach, Tenth Edition June L. Olsen Anthony P. Giangrasso Dolores Shrimpton Chapter Summary When performing conversions between two systems, answers may differ somewhat, depending upon which approximate equivalences are used. Chapter Summary