1. Norway

2. Basic facts Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of SwedenLocation Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropowerNatural resources Total renewable water resources: 381.4 cu km (2005)Total renewable water resources

3. High energy consumption Wealthy, developed country Consumption is high at 6.2 tonnes of oil equivalent per person Highest electricity consumption in the world Large reserves of oil in the North Sea Utilises its potential for HEP and 99% of electricity is generated from HEP 39% of energy comes from fossil fuels 61% from renewable

4. Oil and gas exporter 5 th largest exporter of oil Oil - Exports: 3.018 Million bbl/day (2004) According to https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/print/no.html 3 rd largest exporter of gas Fossil fuels important source of income, oil alone provides the country with 25% of its GDP Norwegian fuel prices are among the highest in Europe due to high taxation Norway tries to discourage the use of oil as they are trying to increase the proportion of energy from renewable resources Norway exports most of its fossil fuels Norway exported about 3.3 Tcf of natural gas in 2008, almost all of it to Europe, via pipeline and a small amount via liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker. The country is the second-largest supplier of natural gas to the European Union, behind Russia. The largest recipient of Norway’s natural gas pipeline exports in 2008 was Germany (932 Bcf), followed by the United Kingdom (893 Bcf), and France (562 Bcf).

5. Electricity from hydropower Norway is highly dependent upon hydropower for its electricity needs. In 2004, the country generated 107.7 Bkwh of hydropower, or 99 percent of total electricity generation. Norway's hydroelectric infrastructure consists of many small plants. The largest, Kvilldal, has an installed capacity of 1,240 megawatts (MW), or 4 percent of national installed capacity. Norway's reliance on hydropower does leave the country vulnerable to climatic fluctuations, which requires imports to meet seasonal shortages, but also opens the possibility of exports during wetter conditions. Norway still has the potential to increase hydro-generated power through refurbishing existing facilities, as well as through constructing new hydropower plants. However, most of Norway’s waterways have been developed, and any new facilities would likely consist of small developments. In addition, many waterways are protected from further development as a result of environmental concerns. megawatts

6. Natural lakes at high altitudes and lots of rain 99% of electricity and 50% of total energy from HEP 6 th largest producer of HEP in the world Largest producer of HEP in Europe Natural lakes = less impact on environment compared to artificially created reservoirs Norway’s main source of energy is renewable by nature and is therefore sustainable

7. Renewable energy Wants to reduce dependency on HEP by using a wider range of renewable resources All potential HEP sites have been exploited £2.5billion developing renewable energy and energy efficiency (2006) Trying to increases solar power in to electricity from 17% to 50% State funding in to researching and developing biofuels to use for transport instead of oil Wants to develop a sustainable energy supply

8. Doesn’t have to worry about energy security in the short term because it’s energy rich, politically stable and wealthy Is trying to develop a long term sustainable energy programme Some aspects are already sustainable By putting high taxes on oil this promotes energy sustainability

9. Trying to influence others The demand for competence building in developing countries are increasing, as well as assisting developing countries in their efforts to develop a sustainable energy sector stands on top of the agenda in Norway. Experience in developing and managing both renewable and non- renewable energy sources leaves Norway with valuable expertise that could be useful for developing countries' effort in managing natural resources. The Norwegian development cooperation in energy is channelled through two initiatives, Oil for Development and the Initiative for Clean Energy in the international development cooperation. Decades of experience in the oil and gas sector has given Norway valuable expertise on how to manage petroleum resources in a sustainable way. http://www.norad.no/en/Thematic+areas/Energy/Clean+Energy