1. The Christianization of the West Dossier 2

2. Places of Worship. ●The Church used its wealth to build places of worship: ○ churches. ○ cathedrals. ○ abbeys. ○ monasteries.

3. Church ●Main place of worship in villages and small cities. ●Priests celebrated services ●Shelter for the poor and sick. ●Asylum.

4. Cathedral. ●Cathedral was the main place of worship in major cities. ●led by a bishop. ●hosted religious plays - “mystery plays”

5. Abbey & Monastery. ●Reserved for men and women who wanted to live: ○ In a community. ○ cloistered from the outside world. ●Nuns and Monks studied.

6. Religious architecture. ●Religious buildings were built according to Roman or Gothic styles. ●Churches were built in the shape a cross. Typhanum: ●Masterpiece of Roman sculpture. ●located at the entrance. Capital: ●Topmost part of a column that has been decorated with sculptures.

7. Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres. Built in the Gothic style. Widest nave of any cathedral in France. Stained glass windows allow light to enter into the cathedral.

8. The Church’s role in education. The Church used Latin throughout the Christian west. Latin: International Language. Latin was used in schools, in churches, and for trade. The Church practiced censorship. The Bible was the only reference book for education, culture, and science.

9. The Church’s role in education, culture, and science. Teachers: were members of the clergy. Students: were the sons of lords who were going to join the clergy. Monasteries were where students went to school.

10. The Church’s role in education, culture, and science. Monastery Schools: Education was first provided in monasteries. Monks taught Latin, Theology, and Philosophy. Cathedral Schools: Schools that were near a city’s cathedral. Monks taught Latin, Theology, and Philosophy.

11. The Church’s role in education, culture, and science. Universities: Universities were built as of the 12 th century when education started to become specialized. Professors and students from all over Europe would come to attend a particular university with a good reputation. Teachers were laypeople.

12. Universities. Universities taught priests and laypeople and attracted the best professors. Generous local people housed students. The most famous universities were in Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, and Oxford.

13. Pilgrimages and Crusades. To maintain religious fervour the Church organized pilgrimages and crusades. Pilgrimages: Trips to a locations where a saint’s relics could be found. The main pilgrimage sites were Rome, Jerusalem, and Saint James of Compostela.

14. Crusades. Crusades were military expeditions towards Palestine. Palestine had fallen into the hands of Muslim Turks. In total there were 8 crusades from 1095- 1291 AD. The 1 st crusade took over Jerusalem and the other crusades tried to retake the city.

16. The third crusade: “The King’s Crusade” (1189-1192)

17. Pope Urban II Pope Urban II was the first to call a crusade to liberate Jerusalem. He promised remission of sins for all crusaders.