1. How Do We Make Compounds?

2. What is inside the atom? Atom: made of subatomic particles
Proton (+) = atomic # : determines the identity of the element
Neutron (no charge)
Electron (-)
Atomic mass = protons + neutrons
Periodic Table : arranged by Russian Chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, by atomic #

3. Why do atoms bond?
Octet Rule: Every atom wants 8 electrons to fill the valence shell (outer most shell)
Ion: Charged atom (Ca+2)
Cation: + charged ion
Anion: - charged ion
Polyatomic Ion: Two or more atoms covalently bonded together to form an ion (SO4-2)

4. What are Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonds?
Ionic Bond: An electron is transferred from one element to another (metal to nonmetal)
Covalent Bond: Electrons are shared (nonmetal to nonmetal)
Metallic Bond: Sea of electrons (Metal to Metal)

5. Molecules and Molecular Compounds
Properties of molecular compounds
Low melting and boiling points
Usually gas or liquid
Composed of two or more nonmetals
O2, O3, H2O

6. How Do We Name Molecular (covalent) Molecules?
Name the first element
Keep the root of the 2nd element, drop the ending & add “ide”
Now add the prefixes
The first element does not need the prefix mono
Prefixes:
Mono (1)
Di (2)
Tri (3)
Tetra (4)
Penta (5)
Hexa (6)
Hepta (7)
Octa (8)
Nano (9)
Deca (10)
Name CO2
Name CCl4

7. Let’s Compare!

8. How Do We Name Ionic Compounds?
Name the first element. Use the root of 2nd element and add “ide” (no prefixes)
If there is a transition metal, determine the charge and add Roman Numerals
If there is a polyatomic ion, name the first element and name the polyatomic ion.
Name: CaCl2, FeO, NaOH

9. Exceptions: Some of the transition metals have only one ionic charge:
Do not use roman numerals for these:
Silver is always 1+ (Ag1+)
Cadmium and Zinc are always 2+ (Cd2+ and Zn2+)

10. What are Oxidation Numbers?

11. How do we draw a Lewis Dot Diagram?
Determine the number of valence electrons
Write the chemical symbol
Place a dot for each valence electron around the symbol

12. Writing Chemical Formulas
Rules of writing formulas:
positive ion (cation) is written first … this is usually a metal
negative ion (anion) is written second … this is usually a nonmetal
subscripts are used to show how many ions of each part are in the compound. They are used to balance the charge of the ions.

13. Using the Criss Cross Method
Determine the oxidation number (charge) on each ion.
Write the chemical symbols of each ion (cation1st,anion 2nd)
Cross over the numbers ignoring the charges
Reduce if necessary

14. HOW DO WE NAME BASES? BASES: USE SAME RULES AS NAMING COMPOUNDS
EXAMPLE: NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE
NOW YOU TRY:
Ca(OH)2
KOH
Mg(OH)2
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE

15. HOW DO WE NAME ACIDS?
ACIDS: AN ACID’S NAME COMES FROM THE ANION IT PRODUCES WHEN IT DISSOCIATES. HERE ARE SOME RULES;
IF THE ANION ENDS IN “IDE” CHANGE IT TO “IC” AND ADD THE WORD “HYDRO” IN FRONT;
HCl HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID
IF THE ANION ENDS IN “ATE”, CHANGE IT TO “IC” AND DO NOT ADD A PREFIX
H2SO4 HYDROGEN SULFATE SULFURIC ACID
IF THE NAME ENDS IN “ITE”, CHANGE IT TO “OUS” AND DO NOT ADD A PREFIx
H2SO3 HYDROGEN SULFITE SULFUROUS ACID