1. Blood Galena Park High School A&P Instructor: Terry E. Jones

2. A. Functions 1. Regulates body heat 2. Transports respiratory gases 3. Transports Nutrients 4. Maintains electrolytes Galena Park High School A&P I. Function

3. B.Components 1. Plasma a. Liquid part of blood b. Contains dissolved ions c. Contains gases Galena Park High School A&P

4. d. Contains proteins e. Contains hormones f. Cellular wastes g. Dissolved nutrients Galena Park High School A&P

5. 2. Formed Elements – Solids a. Erythrocytes-Red blood cells 1. Lack nuclei 2. Take oxygen to cells 3. 5 million/cubic ml Galena Park High School A&P

6. b. Leukocytes-white blood cells 1. Have cell organelles 2. Used to kill bacteria and viruses 3. Can leave the blood vessels and move about in other tissues Galena Park High School A&P

7. c. Types of white blood cells 1. Neutropils-phagocytes at sites of infection 2. Eosinophils-Combat allergies and parasitic worms Galena Park High School A&P

8. 3. Basophils-cause vessels to be leaky with histamine 4. Lymphocytes-found in lymph tissue, immune response T-cells are formed from lymphocytes Galena Park High School A&P

9. 5. Monocytes-change into large macrophages to attack infections d. Platelets 1. Large cells that explode into many fragments 2. Needed for blood clotting Galena Park High School A&P

10. C.Blood Clotting Process 1. Injury to a blood vessel occurs exposing collagen fibers 2. Platelets stick to the collagen fibers and release serotonin Galena Park High School A&P

11. 3. Serotonin attracts more platelets 4. At the same time, damaged tissue sends out thromboplastin, a blood clotting factor 5. Serotonin causes the vessel to shrink reducing blood loss Galena Park High School A&P

12. 6. PF3 and calcium ions are attracted to the injured site. 7. Prothrombin makes thrombin an enzyme 8. Thrombin joins the fibrinogen into fibrin molecules Galena Park High School A&P

13. 9. Fibrin traps RBC and forms the basis of the clot 10. Within an hour the clot squeezes out the serum from the clot and pulls together the edges of the injury. 11. Blood normally clots in 3-6 minutes. Galena Park High School A&P

14. 12. Sterile gauze and Pressure a. Rough gauze provides a surface for platelets to attach quickly b. Pressure causes cells to rupture releasing more thromboplastin to speed up the clotting process Galena Park High School A&P

15. D.Blood Antigens 1. Antigens are makers that are recognized by a body’s defense as foreign 2. Blood types have these markers so it is important to get the right blood to avoid serious damage Galena Park High School A&P

16. E.Blood types 1. AB Group a. Have A and B antigens b. Antibodies-None c. Can receive A, B, AB and O blood – universal recipient Galena Park High School A&P

17. 2. B Group a. Has B antigens b. Antibodies-Anti A c. Can receive B and O blood Galena Park High School A&P

18. 3. A Group a. Has A antigens b. Antibodies-Anti B c. Can receive A and O blood Galena Park High School A&P

19. 3. O Group a. Has no antigens b. Antibodies-Anti B, anti B c. Can receive O blood d. Is a universal donor Galena Park High School A&P

20. A. Anemia 1. Low blood oxygen delivery 2. Causes a. Bone marrow cancer b. Blood infections c. Lack of Vitamin B12 Galena Park High School A&P II. Homeostasis Imbalance

21. B. Sickle Cell Anemia 1. Causes low flow of oxygen to cells 2. Genetic disorder 3. RBC’s have a sickle shape 4. Carry less oxygen, rupture easily Galena Park High School A&P

22. 5. Occurs mostly in the black population of the malarial belt of Africa 6. Two forms of the gene and the disease is present 6. One form of the gene and one normal causes the sickle cells to stick to the sides of vessels and the parasite starves to death Galena Park High School A&P

23. C. Blood Clots 1. Clotting of blood in normal vessels 2. Causes-pooling of blood, inactivity, physical trauma, accumulation of fatty material, slow flowing blood 3. Treatment- aspirin, warfarin, heparin which are blood thinners Galena Park High School A&P

24. C. Hemophilia 1. Blood does not clot 2. Genetic-lack of any of the clotting factors 3. Treatment-manufactured blood clotting factors 4. Injury avoidance Galena Park High School A&P

25. D. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborns 1. The fetus and mother’s blood are different types 2. Mother creates antibodies that attack the fetus 3. Treatment-transfusion before birth 4. First child usually okay, second one is affected Galena Park High School A&P