1. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 How to develop jointly solutions – participation in water management and the role of building commitment NeWater Train-the-Trainer Workshop (session 2)‏ 12/13 September 2007, TIIM, Tashkent Sophie Rotter, Karina Rasche, Matt Hare Seecon Germany

2. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Participatory processes in adaptive management Involvement of stakeholders –integrate knowledge/requirements from different sectors –exchange of information –build commitment –to be ensured: balanced representation and access to information Decision making process needs to be –open to new information from diverse sources –allows for changes in rules and structures –exchange information and work across spatial scales (local, regional, national)‏

3. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Overview What is participatory water management? Methods and phases of a participatory process Exercise: Designing a participatory process for an (artificial) case study example

4. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 What is participatory (water) management? Participatory water Management: –Including relevant stakeholders who would usually not be involved in water management Stakeholders: –those who are directly or indirectly affecting or being affected by a management decision (Glicken 2000)

5. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Types of Stakeholders Public –general public who tend to be unorganised and who are normally non-experts (in a technical sense)‏ Organised stakeholders –organisations and their representatives, normally have a high degree of interest and expertise e.g. gov. department, NGOs –also: scientists, individuals of particular power e.g. local land owners Competent authority –organisation who is legally responsible for planning and implementation e.g. regional authority

6. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Levels of Participation (Evolving from Arnstein 1969, Mostert 2003, Drafting Group 2002)‏ Information provision: stakeholders are informed about management plans Consultation: stakeholders are asked their opinion; provide data/knowledge Active involvement: stakeholders take an active part and share responsibility in the development of possible plans, implementation and/or maintenance

7. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Consultation: Say if all is still well Active Involvment: Helping to judge after GWP – Technical Report No10 Consultation: Say if all is well and maintained Active Involvment: Helping to set up and maintain things Establish Status Analyse Gaps Prepare Action Plan Implement Actions Monitor and Evaluate Process Build Commitment to Process Build Commitment to actions Consultation: Provideing Data Active Involvement: Collect Data What levels of participation mean at different stages of the management process

8. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Why is participatory management increasingly being promoted? Benefits occur –planning phase –implementation phase –maintenance phase –society and future projects

9. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Benefits of participation …for planning additional sources of local knowledge and opinion development of new planning options and win-win plans Find out major concerns related to plans/options at the beginning of the planning process to avoid conflicts... for implementation increased support for plans planning permission is more easily to be granted financial and practical support to do work

10. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Benefits of participation... for maintenance of the created infrastructure less vandalism (sense of ownership)‏ increased use of site support in maintenance... for society and future projects public awareness of the importance of water management getting to know the views of a broader range of people and organisations building up networks and trust

11. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Risks of participation – traps to avoid Resource black holes: can be resource intensive -> contingency plan for personnel and other resources to manage demands and results of participation Not fulfilled expectations: might lead to anger -> make sure you can meet the expectations you create. Process hijacking: stakeholders have their own agenda -> analysis carefully their motiviation to be involved. Information overload: difficult to store, assess and respond to information -> set up an information management system.

12. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Risks of participation – traps to avoid Waking sleeping dogs: can bring up conflicts -> be prepared for conflict resolution. Loss of control: through a combination of above factors. These risks can be avoided by being aware of them and anticipating them. Furthermore these problems will not happen if you can build commitment to the process.

13. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 How to build commitment? Allow for participation in the whole planning process Elicit requirements in early phases of the project (needs)‏ Show that the project is carried out in order to satisfy their needs Inform about the problem at stake, any possible solutions, and the existing constraints Collect perceptions, ideas and concerns Show that their input is taken seriously and how it is processed Let them evaluate the outcome as well as the process of involvement.

14. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Exercise How could participation support your work? How might participation hinder your work?

15. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Is participation only workshops?

16. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Diversity of participatory methods Public information provision: Newspapers, flyers, websites, etc. Education: seminars, school project work, etc. Interviews / knowledge elicitation: structure interviews, cards sorting, cognitive mapping Surveys: questionnaires, focus groups etc. Forums: Internet forums, newsletter forums

17. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Diversity of participatory methods Meetings: Large group response exercise, open space meetings Workshops: Group model building, scenario analysis workshops, citizens juries etc. Events: Open days, exhibitions, field trips etc. Popular involvement campaigns: Participatory monitoring, planting activity, sponsorship etc. after Hare + Krywkow, 2005

18. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Choice of appropriate participatory methods These methods support the involvement of –different stages within the adaptive management cycle –different types and numbers of stakeholders –different levels of participation They all require different levels of resources and skills Their choice depend on the benefits / goals you want to achieve

19. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Methods to support different stages of adaptive management cycle Establish Status Group model building Monitoring / Evaluation Participatory monitoring Garden surveys How many birds can you see in your garden?? Let us know!

20. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Methods to involve different types and numbers of stakeholders Consulting large public groups Large group response exercise Consulting individual experts (organised groups)‏ Cognitive mapping

21. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Methods to support different levels of participation Information provision Newsletters Active involvement Participatory modelling What`s on in your water basin!

22. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Phases of a participatory process Methods do not stand alone – are embedded in a coherent process The participatory process falls into three phases - Preparation phase - Planning phase - Implementation and evaluation phase

23. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Preparation phase 1.Set up a steering group that will plan the process and support it over the long term. Organise internal communication. 2.Determine goals, frame and limitations of the participatory process 3.Organise tasks and resources for the process 4.Stakeholder analysis: Who are the relevant stakeholders to be involved? 5.Design the participatory process: choose methods, participants, timing adapted from Krywkow and Hare 2006

24. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Planning phase 1.Provide general background information and invite participants to the process 2.Collect knowledge, views (e.g. concerns and requirements) and ideas 3.Design planning options (participatory or by experts)‏ 4.Discuss/assess planning options (participatory or by experts)

25. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Implementation and evaluation phase 1.Decide (experts)‏ 2.Inform about and explain decision, make stakeholder input transparent 3.Formal planning permission procedure 4.Implementation of measures, Construction works 5.Opening ceremony 6.Use and maintenance 7.Evaluate the process – what can you learn for future processes?

26. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 after GWP – Technical Report No10 Consultation: Say if all is well and maintained and maintain things Establish Status Analyse Gaps Prepare Action Plan Implement Actions Monitor and Evaluate Process Build Commitment to Process Build Commitment to actions

27. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007... Find out about the challenge of designing a participatory process in the exercise!

28. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Exercise Artificial case study example: What would be the important first steps to set up a participatory process and which participatory methods would be appropriate to be applied? Small group work (4 groups with 2 art. case studies)‏

29. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Artificial Case Study: Canal Restoration Example Project: restoration of a canal system in a region in order to avoid water losses. Participatory goal: increased efficiency of water use Management stages: open Desired level of participation: active Time available: 3-5 years Person months: high Other factors:...

30. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Artifical Case Study: Planning of Water Usage Project: the water sector in the country is organised to facilitate agricultural production. However the water demand of the domestic sector and fishery are supposed to grow about 100% by 2010. Participatory goal: a win-win solution for the different sectors to satisfy the water demand of each sector. Management stages: open Desired level of participation: open Time available: 2-3 years Person months: high Other factors:...

31. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Task 1.Read the case study description 2.Decide which steps of of AM cycle require participatory management support for the case study 3.for each step –define desired benefits of participation –identify relevant stakeholders (listing type and number)‏ –define required level of participation –select potential part. methods and derived outputs therefrom 4.present role of participation in adaptive management cycle for the case study

32. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 How to build commitment in the adaptive management cycle after GWP – Technical Report No10 Find tasks where stakeholders it to them Establish Status Analyse Gaps Prepare Action Plan Implement Actions Monitor and Evaluate Process Build Commitment to Process Build Commitment to actions Decide which steps in the cycle? - desired benefits - relevant stakehoders (type and number)‏ - level of participation - participatory methods

33. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Matching classes to levels Taken from Hare & Krywkow, 2004)‏

34. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Presentations and feedback Presentation by one or two group members Opportunity for other group members to add Questions from the other group Discussion of experiences with the exercise

35. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Lessons learnt Allowing stakeholders to participate in the planning or implementation of a project is a way to build commitment. This may save money and effort in the long run. There are many different methods how to do participation. Setting up a participatory process is a complex tasks which relies on a thorough analysis of the relevant stakeholders as well as an agreement (internally and with the stakeholders) on the goals and limits of the process What were your most important learning effects of this session?

36. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Social Learning Social Learning is asked for by the EU under the Water Framework Directive some methods can create an environment for Social Learning e.g. workshops, surveys, public meetings

37. Seecon Training Course Tashkent 12/13 September 2007 Social Learning Stakeholders and planners are brought together to –improve knowledge of management system –improve mutual understanding –develop new institutions for management –see www.harmonicop.info