1. Cloud Resolving Model Studies of Tropical Deep Convection Observed During HIBISCUS 2004. By Daniel Grosvenor, Thomas W. Choularton, & Hugh Coe - The University of Manchester, United Kingdom With thanks to: Gerhard Held - IPMET, Brazil; Jorge Gomes – CPTEC, Brazil; Andrew Robinson – UCAM, United Kingdom.

2. Aims of Work To simulate transport of material from lower to upper troposphere by deep convective clouds –Gases, aerosols, water vapour, ice hydrometeors Testing and improvement of model –Comparisons to observations GCM parameterisations –Data set for development and testing

3. The LEM Model Cloud Resolving Model UK Met Office Bulk microphysics parameterisation –38 conversion processes between: Vapour, liquid, rain, ice, snow, graupel. Double moment for ice hydrometeors Highly variable resolution:- –Boundary layer processes –Deep convection Periodic boundary conditions

4. 24 th February, 2004 Case Study Large squall line moving from north passes over Bauru.

5. Model Initialisation One sounding for whole domain –Time forcing possible Available soundings: –09:00 LT Campo Grande –17:15 LT Bauru –21:00 LT Sao Paulo Bauru sounding fairly stable - no deep convection produced by model –Campo Grande sounding used and model forced towards Bauru sounding

6. Model Initialisation Squall line initialised using a warm perturbation 2-D, 500km domain, 1km resolution Sensitivity to aerosol concentration tested Comparisons to radar statistics of echo tops and 3.5km CAPPI data

7. Timeseries of max 3.5km radar reflectivity

8. Timeseries of 3.5km radar reflectivity modes

9. Log-Normal Distribution of 3.5km dBZ from 14:00-23:00

10. Timeseries of Max Echotops Maximum of 10dBZ radar echo tops (km) Local Time Maximum of 10dBZ radar echo tops (km) CCN = 720cm -3 CCN = 240cm -3 Radar data

11. Local Time Mode of 10dBZ radar echo tops (km) CCN = 720cm -3 CCN = 240cm -3 Radar data Timeseries of Echotop Modes

12. Timeseries of Echotop Variances Local Time Variance of 10dBZ radar echo tops (km 2 )

13. Log-Normal Distribution of Echotops from 14:00-23:00 -5 -4.5 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -0.5 Log10 of Normalised Distribution of Echo Tops

14. Max Tracer at each Height as Percentage of Max Input

15. CFC-11 tracer measurements from SF-4 (DIRAC, UCAM)

16. Profile of Mean Liquid Water

17. Conclusions Echotop agreement reasonable but lack of high echotops Simulated 3.5km dBZ generally too high – related to above? 2-D simulations produce highly time variable statistics Mean values hard to compare with 2-D simulations – slices through radar data should be better Tracer outflow height close to apparent outflow from observations

18. Future Work Vertical radar slice comparisons (RHIs) ECMWF/Meso model for soundings and forcing – comparisons to clouds obtained in these models Full double moment scheme Vertical aerosol transport EMM (Explicit Microphysics Model)