1. Ch.44 Controlling the Internal Environment
I. Thermoregulation
II. Osmoregulation
III. Excretion

2. Thermoregulation Heat exchange review Fig 44.1 Ectothermy example:
Endothermy example:

3. Thermoregulation p.871 Feedback mechanisms (Fig 44.8)
Hypothalamus control (Ch 48)
Responses to high body temp?
Responses to low body temp?
Acclimatization (some mammalian cell proteins)
Torpor
(hibernation, estivation)

4. Water Balance & Waste Disposal
Nitrogenous wastes:
Ammonia, urea, uric acid (fig44.10)
Osmoregulation: (fig 44.11)
Stenohaline, euryhaline
Anhydrobiosis (water bears p. 879)

6. Salt water fish Fresh water fish

8. Excretory Systems p.879
Fig 44.18, anatomy terms

9. Excretory Systems p.879 What is the function of the kidneys?
1. Filtration
NEPHRONS of the kidneys
Blood pressure forces blood into the glomerulus; water,urea, small solutes are forced through the filter.
Nonselective filtration

10. Excretory Systems in the Nephron
Proximal tubule Loop of Henley Distal tubule (collecting duct)
99% of water is reabsorbed back into the body

11. Excretory Systems: in the Nephron
Reabsorption
Sugar, vitamins, nutrients, water
Some salts

13. Excretory Systems Feedback circuits: ADH, hypothalamus
RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
ANF (atrial natriuretic factor)

14. Excretory Systems