1. Accelerated World History SEPTEMBER 2, 2015

2. Warm-Up: September 2, 2015 How long did Siddhartha Gautama meditate before he reached Nirvana? A.21 days B.39 days C.40 days D.49 days

3. Agenda ◦Warm Up ◦Early Indian Empires ◦Debate – Who had the better empire? Gupta v. Mauryan ◦Trade Spreads Religion & Culture Discussion Don’t forget! ◦Reading – Chapter 3 & 7 (Guided Reading due Friday) ◦Test – Friday (Study Guide Due Friday!)

4. How does conquest affect culture?

5. India Establishes Empires 400 B.C.-AD.550

7. Section 1: India’s First Empires

8. The Mauryan Empire is Established Chandragupta Maurya Seizes Power ◦In 321 B.C. Chandragupta Maurya seizes power, starts Mauryan Empire Chandragupta Maurya Unifies North India ◦Chandragupta defeats Seleucus I; north India is united for the first time ◦Chandragupta uses taxes to support his large army

9. The Mauryan Empire is Established Running the Empire ◦Chandragupta’s chief adviser is Kautilya, a priest ◦Chandragupta creates a bureaucratic government ◦He divides the government to make it easier to rule

10. The Mauryan Empire is Established Life in the City and the Country ◦A Greek ambassador writes glowing praise of the empire ◦Chandragupta’s son rules from 301 to 269 B.C., (32 years) ◦Aŝoka—Chandragupta’s grandson, brings the empire to its height Mahabodhi Temple, site of first temple built by Asoka (3 rd century B.C.) on spot of Buddha’s enlightenment. Bihar, India

11. Asoka - Transformation Asoka: The Buddhist King of India ◦Buddhism turned Asoka, the bloodthirsty king of ancient India’s Mauryan Empire, into a peace-loving ruler.

12. The Mauryan Empire is Established Asoka Promotes Buddhism ◦After a bloody war with Kalinga, Asoka promotes Buddhism and peace ◦Preaches religious toleration—accepting people of different religions ◦Builds roads, with wells along them

13. A Period of Turmoil The Breakup of the Mauryan Empire ◦Asoka dies in 232 B.C.; kingdoms in central India soon break away ◦The Andhra Dynasty dominates central India for centuries ◦Northern India receives immigrants from Greece and other parts of Asia ◦Tamils—a people living in southern India—remain separate and frequently war with rival peoples.

14. The Gupta Empire is Established Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire ◦Chandra Gupta marries into kingship in north India in A.D. 320 ◦Starts Gupta Empire—India’s second empire; flowering of Indian civilization, especially Hindu culture (see next slide) ◦His son Samudra Gupta expands empire with conquest

15. Radha and Krishna in the grove. Painting (about 1780)

16. The Gupta Empire is Established Daily Life in India ◦Majority of Indians are farmers; entire family raises crops together ◦Families are patriarchal—headed by the eldest male ◦Farmers have to contribute work to government and pay heavy taxes ◦Some Tamil families are matriarchal—led by mother rather than father

17. The Gupta Empire is Established Height of the Gupta Empire ◦Chandra Gupta II rules from A.D. 375-415 ◦He defeats the Shakas and adds western coast to empire ◦Gupta Empire sees flourishing of arts, religion, and science ◦After Chandra Gupta II dies, the empire declines

18. Debate: Who had the better empire? MAURYAN V. GUPTA

19. 7.2 Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture

20. Buddhism and Hinduism Change Traditional Hindu and Buddhist Beliefs ◦Hinduism blends Aryan beliefs and other beliefs; polytheistic— believes in many gods. ◦To Buddhists, desire causes suffering, but suffering can be overcome.

21. Buddhism and Hinduism Change A More Popular Form of Buddhism ◦Belief in bodhisattvas develops—potential Buddhas who save humanity ◦Mahayana sect—Buddhists accepting new doctrines of worship and salvation. ◦Theravada sect—Buddhists who follow original teachings of Buddha ◦Wealthy Buddhist merchants build stupas—stone structures over relics

22. Buddhist Denominations and Schools Buddhism Hinayana “The Lesser Vehicle” (Theravada) Mahayana “The Greater Vehicle” Zen (7 th Century C.E., China Vietnam, Korea, Japan) Vadjrayana Tantric Buddhism (6 th -7 th Century India) Tibetan (Tibet)Shingon (Japan) Pure Land (begins 13 th Century Japan) Yogacara (4 th Century C.E.) Madhyamaka Tiantai (China, Korea, Japan) Tendai (Japan) Nichiren (Japan)

23. A Buddha image from Nepal

24. A “stupa”

25. Buddhism and Hinduism Change A Hindu Rebirth ◦Hinduism is remote from people by time of Mauryan Empire ◦Hinduism moves toward monotheism; gods are part of one divine force ◦Brahma—creator of the world ◦Vishnu—preserver of the world ◦Shiva—destroyer of the world

26. Brahma

27. Vishnu

28. Shiva

29. Achievements of Indian Culture Literature and the Performing Arts ◦Kalidasa—poet and dramatist, one of India’s greatest writers ◦His skillful and emotionally stirring plays are still popular ◦Madurai writing academies create literature; 2,000 Tamil poems survive ◦Drama and dance troupes gain popularity and travel widely

30. Achievements of Indian Culture Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine ◦Ocean trade leads to advances in astronomy ◦Indian astronomers in Gupta Empire prove that the world is round. ◦Mathematicians develop the idea of zero and decimal system ◦Doctors write medical guides and make advances in surgery

31. The Spread of Indian Trade India’s Valuable Resources ◦India has spices, diamonds, precious stones, and good quality wood

32. The Spread of Indian Trade India’s Valuable Resources ◦India has spices, diamonds, precious stones, and good quality wood Overland Trade, East and West ◦Trade routes called Silk Roads connect Asia and Europe ◦Indians build trading posts to take advantage of the Silk Roads

33. The Spread of Indian Trade Sea Trade, East and West ◦Indian merchants carry goods to Rome by sea ◦Merchants trade by sea with Africa, Arabia, China, Southeast Asia

34. The Spread of Indian Trade Effects of Indian Trade ◦Increased trade leads to rise in banking ◦Bankers lend money to merchants, careful of degree of risk ◦Increased trade spreads Indian culture to other places ◦Trade brings Hinduism, Buddhism to other lands