1. Forces that Change Earth’s Crust Eric Angat Teacher

2. Essential Questions How is the Earth’s crust changed or renewed?

3. Appalachian weathering erosion deposition bedding

4. 1. What are the forces that change Earth’s crust? 1.10 Weathering, erosion, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, runoff, and flood.

5. 2. How is weathering and erosion responsible for this? Minerals in the middle of the rocks were more soluble with water.

6. 3. Why are the rocks rounded and smooth? Rocks crashing and rolling with each other because of the running water results to smooth and rounded stones in the river.

7. 1. 1. Slow changes Weathering, erosion Weathering, erosion rock cycle rock cycle 2. 2. Rapid changes Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods 4. What changes the Earth’s crust?

8. Landforms change because of physical and chemical weathering and erosion. 5. How do landforms change? 1.36

9. 6. What are the three main forces inside Earth? 1. Compressional stress causes a rock to shorten. 2. Tensional stress cause a rock to elongate, or pull apart. 3. Shear stress causes rocks to slip past each other.

10. 7. What are Earth’s stress and strain? 1. "Stress" basically is the amount of force per unit area. 2. “Strain" is the amount of deformation or change of a material.

11. 8. What are the different types of deformation. 1. 1. Elastic deformation is a recoverable deformation. 2. 2. Plastic deformation is a permanent strain. 3. 3. Brittle deformation once a material has reached the elastic limit and breaks.

12. 9. How is the Earth’s crust affected by weathering? 6.58 Weathering breaks rocks causing earth’s surface to change.

13. 10.What type of climate is favorable for weathering? a.warm and dry b.warm and moist c.cold and dry d.cold and moist Weathering or breaking of rocks happens faster in warm and moist climate.

14. 11. What type of weathering is frost wedging? a.mechanical b.chemical c.erosion d.sedimentation There are two types of weathering: Mechanical and Chemical weathering. Water expands to 109% of its original size when it freezes.

15. 12. How is weathering different from erosion and deposition? 5.55 Weathering Breaking of rocks into sediments. Erosion Moving of sediments. Deposition Settling of sediments. deposition erosion

16. Erosion Big particles Intermediate particles Small particles Erosion happens due to gravity.

17. 13. What is the most common agent of erosion in the desert? a.Rain b.snow c.hail d.wind Desert is a type of biome with ZERO or minimal precipitation. Sand dunes are formed by WIND.

18. Slump Erosion- large segment of land moves. Gravity Ocean Water erodes the base. Water erosion results to SLUMP due to gravity. Gravity

19. Creep Erosion is slow movement (Gravity) Gravity Slow movement

20. 14. What is the agent of erosion responsible for slump and creep? a.water b.Living things c.gravity d.wind Slump and creep are erosion caused by gravity.

21. erosion No trees lead to erosion. Roots of trees bind the soil.

22. 15. How could the removal of trees and other vegetation impact an environment? A. by increasing oxygen production B. by increasing soil formation C. by increasing transpiration D. by increasing erosion

23. artificial levees help prevent flooding

24. 16. Which is most likely a prevention strategy for flooding? A. building artificial levees B. reducing water consumption C. recycling bottled-water containers D. building waste landfills for metals and other contaminants

25. Wind blows the sand Desert is type of biome that has little or no precipitation.

26. 17. Which agent of erosion leads to the formation of sand dunes? A. ice B. wind C. water D. gravity

27. Water expands when it freezes causing frost wedging.

28. 18. How can water be an agent for physical weathering? A.by absorbing gases from the atmosphere and ground to chemically react with minerals B.by seeping into the soil and dissolving the minerals in rocks C. by absorbing sulfur oxides and creating acid precipitation D. by seeping into the cracks of rocks and freezing

29. Surface Area Surface area is the measure of how much exposed area a solid object has. uncrumpled paper crumpled paper uncrumpled paper has higher surface area

30. 19. Which of the following could increase the rate of chemical weathering of a rock? a.moving it to a location with few plants and animals b. moving it to a drier climate c.increasing its total surface area d. moving it to a colder climate

31. Erosion by water No trees lead to erosion

32. Wind blows the sand Desert is type of biome that has little or no precipitation.

33. 20. Why are wind, water, and gravity major agents of erosion rather than weathering? A.because weathering is often limited to physical changes in earth materials B.because weathering is often limited to chemical changes in earth materials C.because erosion involves the stationary processes that break down rock D.because erosion involves movement of earth materials from one location to another

34. 21. How are landforms made by deposition? 1.19 Deposition is the geological process whereby material is added to a landform. This is the process by which wind and water create a deposit, through the laying down of granular material that has been eroded and transported from another geographical location.geological landformeroded transported

35. 22. How are mountains formed?

37. Conclusions 1.06

38. Creep

39. Landslide, Mudslide, Slump, or Creep? Creep

40. Landslide, Mudslide, Slump, or Creep? Landslide

41. Landslide, Mudslide, Slump, or Creep? Mudslide

42. Landslide, Rockslide, Mudslide, Slump, or Creep? Rockslide

43. Landslide, Mudslide, Slump, or Creep? Slump

44. References http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate5.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(sedi ment) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(sedi ment) www.madison.kyschools.us/.../Weathering %20... Madison County School