1. May06-06 Traffic Signs Outlined by Solar-Powered LEDs

2. Team Members Alexander Beecher Jason Chose James Kopaska Matthew Treska

3. Definitions DOT - Department of Transportation PV – Photo Voltaic (refers to solar panels) NiMH – Nickel Metal Hydride (type of battery) Pb-SN – Lead-Tin (type of battery) NiCd – Nickel Cadmium (type of battery) NEMA – National Electric Manufacturers Association (provides a forum for electrical equipment standardization)

4. Project Description

5. -Purpose of the signs are to raise driver awareness in potentially hazardous traffic areas -Signs are self-sustainable, meaning they operate with minimal operator maintenance 24/7 -The stop sign is continually operating, dimming in low light in order to allow for maximum battery efficiency and limiting distractions to drivers -The school crossing sign operates only during times of activity, determined by the user -The chevron sign only operates in low light conditions

6. Project Description -LEDs will not effect shape of the sign, thus eliminating confusion to drivers -Signs are constructed to handle various weather conditions -Signs have anti-vandalism features, such as locks over battery and circuit casings -An Excel spreadsheet gives criteria to the user so signs can be constructed for any locale within the continental U.S. -Signs follow federal traffic regulations, including LED flashing no more than 60 times/min and no less than 50 times/min

7. Technical Specifications -System operates from a 12V NiMH battery -Signs utilize either 55.5 Candela or 102.4 Candela LEDs -System charges from a 14.2V solar panel -Software interface based on Microsoft Excel

8. Component Description PV CHARGE CONTROLLER -Prevents over current and over voltage damage to PV panel, battery, and circuit -Handles battery charging and power distribution to circuitry

9. Component Description LED CLUSTER -LED selection based on operational requirements -55.5 Cd cluster used on night use only signs -102.4 Cd cluster used on 24 hour operation signs -Color specific for each sign

10. Component Description FLASHER DIMMER MODULE -Ensures flashing rate between 50 and 60 times per minute -Integrated photoresistor allows automatic dimming of LEDs to match ambient light levels

11. Component Description FLASHER MODULE -Used on chevron sign in lieu of flasher/dimmer module -Maintains flashing rate between 50 and 60 times/min

12. Component Description TIMER MODULE -Used on school crosswalk sign -Allows user defined hours of operation

13. Component Description PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL -Utilized on all signs -Operates at 14.2V to provide sufficient energy for 12V system

14. Component Description NiMH BATTERY -Operates at 12V and 1.5A -Suitable for use throughout continental U.S.

15. Stop Sign Specifications -Continuous operation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week -8 LED load @ 1120mA -Automatically dims with changing ambient light

16. Stop Sign Specifications

17. School Crossing Specifications -Operates 6 hours a day, 5 days a week -5 LED load @ 700mA -User programmable for varying school schedules

18. School Crossing Specifications

19. Chevron Specifications -Operates in low or no light conditions, 7 days a week -4 LED load @ 360mA -LEDs located on 4 corners

20. Chevron Specifications

21. Circuit Demands Stop Sign 8 LED load @ 1120mA Drive circuitry to operate flasher/dimmer @ 3.17mA Charge controller operating current @ 30mA TOTAL: 1153.17mA

22. Circuit Demands School Crossing Sign 5 LED load @ 700mA Drive circuitry to operate flasher/dimmer @ 3.17mA Charge controller operating current @ 30mA Timer module operating current @ 350mA TOTAL: 1083.17mA

23. Circuit Demands Chevron Sign 4 LED load @ 360mA Drive circuitry to operate flasher module @ 3.17mA Charge controller operating current @ 30mA TOTAL: 393.17mA

24. Planned Construction

25. CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS -Telespar tubular post -(8) BA15 LED sockets -18 AWG wire for circuitry -1/2” PVC conduit for wire raceway -1/2” PVC TB junction -Screws and other fastening tools -36” DOT stop sign -12 AWG wire for PV panel -NEMA 3R enclosure -1/2” PVC conduit straps for post mounting -NEMA 3R junction box for back of sign -Silicone calking

26. Software -Based on Microsoft Excel -User defines the type of sign desired, geographic location of the sign, estimated hours of day usage, estimated hours of night usage, and desired number of days sign can operate without sunlight -Calculations based on information gathered from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

27. Software Screen shot for use in Birmingham, AL

28. Questions??