1. Bacterial Cells
How is bacteria a part of recycling and biodegrading? It breaks down organic material for plant roots to use
Draw the basic appearance of all bacteria:
What type of bacterium is Ishy? Where does he live? E.coli; in animal intestines

2. 4. What role does Ishy play in our digestive system
4. What role does Ishy play in our digestive system? He helps break down food that our bodies 5. What kind of bacterium is Bee Gee? Where does he live? Blue-green algae; on top of standing water

3. 1. How many cells do bacteria have? One
Bacteria and Viruses
1. How many cells do bacteria have? One
Name two places Archaebacteria can be found. Salt lakes; hydrothermal vents
Shapes
Characteristics
Examples
Sphere-Cocci
sometimes grow in chains or in clumps like a bunch of grapes
Streptococcus (strep throat)
Staphylococci (responsible for "staph" infections)
Rod-Bacilli
can also form in chains
Escherichia coli or E.coli
Spiral-shaped-
Spirilla
can use their shape to propel themselves by twisting like a corkscrew
Treponema pallidumcholera (syphilis)

4. 4. What method is used to identify bacteria. Gram staining 5
4. What method is used to identify bacteria? Gram staining 5. Why do some stain positive and not negative? Positive = a lot of peptidoglycan in the cell wall; negative = a little peptidoglycan in the cell wall 6. What are two ways bacteria can get food? Consuming other organisms (heterotrophs); making their own food (autotrophs) 7. What is the process called when bacteria divide into two cells? Binary fission

5. Bacteria Divide and Multiply
How long would it take for 2 bacteria cells to divide and turn into 4 bacteria cells?
20 minutes
2. How come our planet is not covered with bacteria? The conditions are rarely optimal

6. Bacterial Motility What are three ways bacteria can move?
Flagella, axial filament, & slime
Describe how Spirochaetes bacteria move.
Rotating in a spiral fashion
Describe how Chromatium bacteria move.
Using flagella
Describe how gliding bacteria move.
By secreting slime and sliding across it

7. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Mr. Carl’s E-Class
Very old bacteria, i.e. evolved a long time ago
Many live in extreme environments; some live in or on organisms.
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Can be harmful or helpful
More recently evolved bacteria
Live in or on organisms
What kind of substances do bacteria consume to get energy? Organisms, milk, meat, decaying materials, and sunlight
3. What is the process of making energy from food using oxygen? Respiration

8. Kingdom Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
What does “archaebacteria” mean? Ancient bacteria
Where do you find archaebacteria? Give 3 specific locations. A. undersea volcanic vents B. acidic hot springs C. salty water
What kind of cells do archaebacteria have?

9. 4. Describe the three main groups of Archaebacteria.
Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Live in anaerobic environments
Make methane gas
Found in swamps, marshes, sewage treatment plants, digestive tracts animals
Live in very salty water
Found in the Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake, etc.
Use salt to help generate ATP
Live in extremely hot and acidic water
Found in hot springs and in volcanic vents on land

10. 1. What kingdom is most bacteria a part of? Eubacteria
Phylum Cyanobacteria
Phylum Spirochetes
Phylum Gram-Positive
Phylum Proteobacteria
Gram -
Carry on photosynth-esis & make oxygen
Called blue-green bacteria
Gram positive
Have flagella at each end so move in a corkscrew motion
Some are aerobic (require oxygen); others are anaerobic
May be free-living, parasitic, or live symbiotically with another organism 
Most are Gram +, but some are Gram –
Found in the oral & intestinal cavities & slow the growth of disease-causing bacteria
Largest & most diverse bacterial group

11. 3. What are chemoautotrophs
3. What are chemoautotrophs? Gram negative bacteria that obtain energy from minerals  
4. What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria? Bacteria that change nitrogen into usable ammonia
5. What does an aerobic bacterium need? Oxygen
6. What does an anaerobic bacteria need? No oxygen
7. Do anaerobic bacteria use fermentation or respiration?
8. Do aerobic bacteria use fermentation or respiration?
9. What are the four sources of nutrition for bacteria?
dead organic matter (saprobes)
 a host cell (parasites)
 sunlight  (photoautotrophs)
inorganic substances (chemoautotrophs)