1. GIS 1 GIS Lecture 5 Importing Spatial and Attribute Data

2. GIS 2 Outline GIS Data Sets Map Projections Coordinate Systems GIS Data Sources

3. GIS 3 GIS Data Sets

4. GIS 4 GIS Data Sets ArcInfo Coverages ArcView Shapefiles CAD Files Aerial Photos Event Files

5. GIS 5 ArcInfo

6. GIS 6 ArcInfo Coverages AATArc Attribute Table ARCArc coordinates and topology BNDCoverage minimum and maximum coordinates CNTPolygon centroid table PALPolygon topology PATPolygon/Point Attribute Table TICTic coordinates and Ids DBFDatabase Table

7. GIS 7 ArcINFO Coverages in ArcMap

8. GIS 8 Polygon Coverages Area and perimeter automatically calculated

9. GIS 9 Polygon Coverages Polygons share borders B A D 1 2 34 Pine St. Oak St. 734 C E G F 733

10. GIS 10 Line Coverages Length automatically calculated

11. GIS 11 Point Coverages

12. GIS 12 ArcInfo Coverages Advantages - Many feature types - Shared borders - Automatic Area/Perimeter/Length fields Disadvantages - Cannot edit in ArcMap

13. GIS 13 ArcInfo Export files.e00 export exchange file ArcCatalog translates into ArcGIS Creates coverages

14. GIS 14 ArcView Shape Files Advantages heads-up digitizing and editing less storage/rapid display can export to CAD Disadvantages one feature type no area or perimeter with new shapefiles

15. GIS 15 ArcView Shape Files From 3 to 5 Files.shp - stores feature geometry.shx - stores index of features.dbf - stores attribute data.sbn and.sbx - store additional indices

16. GIS 16 ArcView Shapefiles

17. GIS 17 CAD Files Why CAD Drawings? Better Precision for Digitizing -.DWG /.DXF

18. GIS 18 Adding CAD Files

19. GIS 19 CAD Files in ArcMap

20. GIS 20 Aerial Images Combining Grid and Vector Maps

21. GIS 21 Event Files X,Y Coordinates

22. GIS 22 Event Files

23. GIS 23 Event Files

24. GIS 24 Map Projections

25. GIS 25 Map Projections and Distortion Map projections produce distortion in one or more spatial properties : Shape, area, distance, and direction Specific projections eliminate or minimize distortion

26. GIS 26 Distortion Examples

27. GIS 27 Mercator Projection: Distortion

28. GIS 28 Robinson Projection: Distortion

29. GIS 29 Projection Important Measurements used to make important decisions Comparing shapes, areas, distances, or directions of map features Feature and image themes are aligned Los Angeles New York Los Angeles New York Projection: Mercator Distance: 3,124.67 miles Projection: Albers Equal Area Distance: 2,455.03 miles Actual distance: 2,451 miles

30. GIS 30 Projection not Important Business applications Not of critical importance. Concerned with the relative location of different features On large scale maps - street maps Distortion may be negligible Map covers only a small part of the Earth's surface.

31. GIS 31 Coordinate Systems

32. GIS 32 Coordinate Systems Spherical/Polar - Geographic Coordinate System Rectangular - State Plane - UTM

33. GIS 33 Geographic Coordinate System Latitude and Longitude Census Bureau TIGER files Geographic Coordinate System Grid

34. GIS 34 Longitude: Meridians

35. GIS 35 Latitude: Parallels

36. GIS 36 Origin ° Longitude (prime meridian) 0 ° Latitude (equator) 0

37. GIS 37 Coordinates Pittsburgh -80 40

38. GIS 38 Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds (DMS): 40°26’2”N latitude -80°0’58”W longitude Decimal Degrees (DD) 1 degree = 60 minutes, 1 minute = 60 seconds 40°26’2” = 40 + 26/60 + 2/3600 = 40 +.43333 +.00055 = 40.434° Pittsburgh’s Point

39. GIS 39 World circumference through the poles is 24,859.82 miles, so for latitude: 1° = 24,859.82/360 = 69.1 miles 1’ = 24,859.82/(360*60) = 1.15 miles 1” = 24,859.82*5,280/(360*3600) = 101 feet Length of the equator is 24,901.55 miles Translated to Distance

40. GIS 40 Rectangular Coordinate Systems State Plane Coordinates - Local Governments UTM - US Military

41. GIS 41 State Plane Coordinate System Established by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (now the National Ocean Survey) At least one for each state Rectangular (x,y) coordinates 125 zones, following state and county boundaries each with its own projection: Lambert conformal projection for zones with east-west extent Transverse Mercator projection for zones with north-south extent Cannot have zones joined to make larger regions

42. GIS 42 Rectangular Coordinates 200 400 0200400 0 (100, 200) (400, 300) East (Feet) North (Feet) Has all positive Cartesian coordinates in feet, called false eastings and false northings

43. GIS 43 State Plane Coordinate Zones

44. GIS 44 State Plane Coordinate Zones

45. GIS 45 City of Pittsburgh as Geographic Coordinates

46. GIS 46 City of Pittsburgh as State Plane Coordinates

47. GIS 47 State Plane Coordinate Names North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) "High Accuracy Reference Network" (HARN) "High Precision GPS Network" (HPGN)

48. GIS 48 Developed by the NATO in 1947 Military grid system Based on transverse Mercator projection Applied to maps of the Earth's surface extending from the Equator to 84 Degrees north and 80 degrees south latitudes Universal Transverse Mercator System (UTM)

49. GIS 49 UTM Zones World is divided into 60 north-south zones, each covering a strip 6° wide in longitude

50. GIS 50 UTM Zones in the Contiguous USA

51. GIS 51 Data Sources

52. GIS 52 Other Sources of GIS Data US Census ESRI Web Sites and Media Kit Local Agencies Land Surveys Satellite Remote Sensing Existing Paper Maps Other WEB Sites

53. GIS 53 US Census www.census.gov - TIGER Maps - Summary File (SF) Tables

54. GIS 54 Census Tracts (TIGER) Small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of counties delineated by local committees in accordance with Census Bureau guidelines between 1,000 and 8,000 people (in general) 1,700 housing units or 4,000 people homogeneous population characteristics (economic status and living conditions) normally follow visible features may follow governmental unit boundaries and other non visible features more than 60,000 census tracts in Census 2000

55. GIS 55 State Census Tracts

56. GIS 56 County Census Tracts

57. GIS 57 City Census Tracts

58. GIS 58 Census Blocks Groups Block groups (BGs) are the next level below census tracts in the geo-graphic hierarchy - a subdivision of a census tract -400 housing units, with a minimum of 250, and a maximum of 550 housing units -follow clearly visible features, such as roads, rivers, and railroads.

59. GIS 59 Census Block Groups

60. GIS 60 Census Blocks Smallest geographic area for which the Census Bureau collects and tabulates decennial census information. Block boundaries are visible (street, road, stream, shoreline, etc.) or nonvisible (county line, city limit, property line, etc.) features.

61. GIS 61 Census Blocks

62. GIS 62 Other Census TIGER Layers

63. GIS 63 Summary File (SF) Tables American Factfinder

64. GIS 64 SF1 Tables

65. GIS 65 SF2 Tables

66. GIS 66 SF3 Tables

67. GIS 67 ESRI’s Website

68. GIS 68 Data Sources

69. GIS 69 ESRI Media Kit Data and Maps 8 CDs and DVDs - Data & Maps and StreetMap USA (DVD) - Image Data (DVD) - Global Imagery (DVD) - World, Europe, Canada, and Mexico (CD) - United States (CD)

70. GIS 70 Local GIS Departments

71. GIS 71 Local GIS Departments Chicago, IL - http://egov.cityofchicago.org/ http://egov.cityofchicago.org/ Austin, TX - http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/development/ http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/development/ Tip: Search by county name (Travis, County Texas)

72. GIS 72 GIS Consulting Firms Specifies boundaries, rights-of-way, and other legal descriptions Surveyors use optical and electronic instruments to measure precise control point locations established by geodesists High quality data, but takes a lot of time

73. GIS 73 Existing Paper Maps Vector Digitizing Raster Scanning

74. GIS 74 GIS Servers

75. GIS 75 Geography Network www.geographynetwork.com

76. GIS 76 Geography Network

77. GIS 77 Penn State (PASDA) http://www.pasda.psu.edu/

78. GIS 78 Penn State (PASDA)

79. GIS 79 Penn State (PASDA)

80. GIS 80 Ivan Flood Maps

81. GIS 81 Summary GIS Data Sets Map Projections Coordinate Systems GIS Data Sources