1. Copyright Derek Martin 2009. This work is the intellectual property of the author. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author.

2. A problem solving approach

3. Drivers How can we communicate effectively with our students? How can we best prepare our students for success in a Canadian academic context? How can we help our students? How can we help ourselves?

4. What do we mean by ‘problem’? Ineffective communication Leading to, for example, misunderstanding, conflict, compromised performance/outcomes Dissatisfaction

5. What do we mean by culture? Culture as Art – kulture Culture as Civilization – Evolution Culture as social structure – Structural Functionalism Culture as Relativistic Differences – Cultural Relativity Edward T Hall

10. People see the world in different ways Perception Conception language

11. Objective vs. Subjective Culture Working definition: shared meanings, values, and beliefs developed among groups of interacting people (see Bennett, M.)

12. What about cultural Stereotypes?

13. Ignoring cultural differences

14. Generalizations

15. Cases: Discussion Groups TianYi Ahmed Miho Rebecca Rachel Jake Jakob Dan

16. DMIS Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (Milton Bennett)

17. DMIS Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration

18. Denial Characteristics: Not aware of cultural differences Avoidance, lack of interest Undifferentiated view of differences Developmental Task: Recognize existence of cultural differences

19. Defense (Reversal) Characteristics: Polarize – us/them; good/bad Stereotypes Feel threatened by differences Assume superiority Developmental Task: Develop appreciation of commonalities (humanity)

20. Minimization Characteristics: Cultural differences seen within own worldview “Deep down, we’re all basically the same (ie – like me)” Focus on universals – psychological, moral, political... Developmental Task: Develop awareness of cultural context – one’s own and that of others

21. Acceptance Characteristics: Non-judgmental Respects behaviour and value differences Takes into account cultural context/perspective Developmental Task: Learn to shift perspective (how to think, see, and act from a different perspective)

22. Adaptation Characteristics: Ability to behave and communicate in other cultures Developmental Task: Deal with identity issues associated with cultural flexibility

23. Case Review Cases and DMIS Possible strategies

24. Thank you