3. WHAT ARE LITERARY DEVICES? LITERARY DEVICES ARE TECHNIQUES WRITERS USE TO ENGAGE THEIR READERS BEYOND THE LITERAL MEANING OF THE TEXT.

4. Alliteration Repetition of the same beginning sound in a sequence. Examples : Drew drew Drew Reshetar rides rollercoasters drowning in debt a sea of sea shells

5. Example #1: “From the time I was really little-maybe just few months old-words were like sweet, liquid gifts, and I drank them like emonade.” ~Out of My Mind by Sharon Draper Example #2: Tongue Twisters are great examples of alliteration… Three grey geese in a green field grazing, Grey were the geese and green was the grazing.

6. Hyperbole A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally. Examples: I waited an eternity for summer to get here! He could have slept for a year. This book weighs a ton. Listen to the hyperbole of the next poem by Jack Prelutsky.

7. I am making a pizza the size of the sun, a pizza that’s sure to weigh more than a ton, a pizza too massive to pick up and toss, a pizza resplendent with oceans of sauce. I’m topping my pizza with mountains of cheese, with acres of peppers, pimentos, and peas, with mushrooms, tomatoes, and sausage galore, with every last olive they had at the store. My pizza is sure to be one of a kind, my pizza will leave other pizzas behind, my pizza will be a delectable treat that all who love pizza are welcome to eat. The oven is hot, I believe it will take a year and a half for my pizza to bake. I hardly can wait till my pizza is done, my wonderful pizza the size of the sun. Jack Prelutsky

8. Imagery Descriptive words or phrases that appeal to the 5 senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell- creating a picture in the reader’s mind. What is the mental picture or image you are left with after reading the passage from “The Most Dangerous Game”

9. “He leaped upon the rail and balanced himself there, to get greater elevation; his pipe, striking a rope, was knocked from his mouth. He lunged for it; a short, hoarse cry came from his lips as he realized he had reached too far and had lost his balance. The cry was pinched off short as the blood-warm waters of the Caribbean Sea closed over his head.” “He struggle up to the surface and tried to cry out, but the wash from the speeding yacht slapped him in the face and the salt water in his open mouth made him gag.” “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell

10. Metaphor A figure of speech in which two things are compared, usually by saying one thing is another, or by substituting a more descriptive word for the more common or usual word that would be expected. Examples : the world's a stage he was a lion in battle drowning in debt a sea of troubles.

11. Her Triumph by William Butler Yeats I did the dragon's will until you came Because I had fancied love a casual Improvisation, or a settled game That followed if I let the kerchief fall: Those deeds were best that gave the minute wings And heavenly music if they gave it wit; And then you stood among the dragon- rings. I mocked, being crazy, but you mastered it And broke the chain and set my ankles free, Saint George or else a pagan Perseus; And now we stare astonished at the sea, And a miraculous strange bird shrieks at us.

12. Onomatopoeia A figure of speech in which words are used to imitate sounds. Examples : crash buzz quack zoom

13. "The Highwayman" by Alfred Noyes Examples: Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn-yard, / He tapped with his whip on the shutters, but all was locked and barred; Tlot tlot, tlot tlot! Had they heard it? The horse- hooves, ringing clear; / Tlot tlot, tlot tlot, in the distance! Were they deaf that they did not hear?

14. Personification A figure of speech in which things or ideas are given human attributes. Examples : Dead leaves dance in the wind Blind justice Winter wrapped her cold fingers around me

15. “The high mountain wind coasted sighing through the pass and whistled on the edges big block of broken granite…” “A scar of green grass cut across the flat. And behind the flat another mountain rose, desolate with dead rocks and starving little black bushes…” “Flight” by John Steinbeck

16. Repetition A word or line that is repeated, usually to evoke an emotion or create a rhythm.

17. “There were so many important moments. If I’d missed the ticket, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t gone to the show, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t stuck around to see what Steve was up to, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t stolen Madam Octa, I wouldn’t be here. If I’d said no to Mr. Crepsley’s offer, I wouldn’t be here. A world of “ifs”, but it made no difference. What was done was done. If I could go back in time…” ~Cirque Du Freak by Darren Shan

18. Rhyme The occurrence of the same sound at the end of two or more words. Examples : cat / hat desire / fire steak / fake

19. Invictus: The Unconquerable by William Ernest HenleyWilliam Ernest Henley Out of the night that covers me, Black as the Pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be For my unconquerable soul. In the fell clutch of circumstance I have not winced nor cried aloud, Under the bludgeonings of chance My head is bloody, but unbowed. Beyond this place of wrath and tears Looms but the horror of the shade, And yet the menace of the years Finds, and shall find me, unafraid. It matters not how strait the gate, How charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul. By: William Earnest Henley

20. Simile A figure of speech in which two things are compared using the word “like” or “as”. Examples : She felt like a wilted flower. The boy charged in the room like a bull! This class is like a 3 ring circus!

21. Harlem By Langston HughesLangston Hughes What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode?

22. Stanza Two or more lines of poetry that together form one of the divisions of a poem. poem = stanza as story = __________? Stanza= paragraph of the poem Read the following poem- how many stanzas are there? This drawing represents a poem with 2 stanza’s with 4 lines each.

23. Pun: The use of a word in a way that plays on its different meanings. Example: Noticing the bunch of bananas, the hungry gorilla went ape. I recently spent money on detergent to unclog my kitchen sink. It was money down the drain.

24. Symbolism: The use of one thing to represent another. Example: A dove is a symbol of peace. The donkey symbolizes The elephant symbolize The flag the Democratic Party. the Republican Party. represents freedom.

25. Language that conveys a certain idea by saying just the opposite. Examples: The Titanic was promoted as being 100% unsinkable; but, in 1912 the ship sank on its maiden voyage. You beg your parents to let you have a kitten, then you dis­cover you’re deathly aller­gic to them.

26. IDIOM Idioms are phrases or expressions that have hidden meanings. The expressions don't mean exactly what the words say. NOT LITERAL The language peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class : dialectdialect Example: It’s raining cats and dogs. Things got a little out of hand. Does the cat have your tongue.

27. ALLUSION Reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from literature, history, religion, myth, politics, sports, science, or the arts Examples: "Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".

28. Allusion: Ex: The students were sure that their teacher had drunk from the river Styx because of her complete inattention to their pranks. Your example—think of a recent example you’ve heard or seen in which someone references a well- known work

29. ANALOGY A comparison made between two things that may initially seem to have little in common Used for illustration and/or argument. Example: Hand is to glove : Foot is to sock Happy is to sad : Hot is to cold

30. ASSONANCE: THE REPETITION OF VOWEL SOUNDS. Example: Days wane away Each beach beast thinks he's the best beast The only other sound's the sweep

31. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost “He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound's the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.”

32. to speak well in the place of the blunt, disagreeable, terrifying or offensive term. Example: death becomes “to pass away” Victorians first used “limb” for leg Letting someone go instead of firing someone Use the rest room instead of go to the bathroom

33. A seeming contradiction. Examples: “It was the best of times. It was the worst of times.” “You shouldn't go in the water until you know how to swim.” “ Be cruel to be kind.”-from Hamlet by Shakespeare "Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tales again." (C.S. Lewis to his godchild, Lucy Barfield, to whom he dedicated The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe)

34. OXYMORON a combination of two words that appear to contradict each other Example: bittersweet Just for fun... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgMn4u61z8c