1. Civil Rights Movement

2. WWII opened the door for the civil rights movement. WWII opened the door for the civil rights movement. In 1941, Roosevelt banned discrimination in defense industries, and in 1948, Truman desegregated the military. In 1941, Roosevelt banned discrimination in defense industries, and in 1948, Truman desegregated the military.

3. Civil Rights Movement De jure segregation, or imposed by law, existed in the South. De jure segregation, or imposed by law, existed in the South. De facto segregation, or resulting by custom or tradition, existed in the North. De facto segregation, or resulting by custom or tradition, existed in the North. African Americans were denied housing in neighborhoods and only offered low-paying jobs. African Americans were denied housing in neighborhoods and only offered low-paying jobs.

4. Civil Rights Movement In 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play major league baseball. In 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play major league baseball.

5. Civil Rights Movement The NAACP became the most powerful civil rights organization in the U.S. and wanted to challenge segregation in the courts. The NAACP became the most powerful civil rights organization in the U.S. and wanted to challenge segregation in the courts. Thurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall NAACP lawyer who became the first African-American Supreme Court justice.

6. Civil Rights Movement Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – Supreme Court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional; overturned “separate but equal.” Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – Supreme Court ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional; overturned “separate but equal.”

7. Civil Rights Movement Southern states resisted integration and the KKK re-emerged. Southern states resisted integration and the KKK re-emerged. In 1957, the Little Rock Nine were not allowed to enter Central High School. In 1957, the Little Rock Nine were not allowed to enter Central High School. President Eisenhower sent FEDERAL troops to protect students and enforce the Court’s ruling. President Eisenhower sent FEDERAL troops to protect students and enforce the Court’s ruling.

8. Civil Rights Movement

9. In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, AL. In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, AL. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. “It was time for someone to stand up – or in my case, sit down.”

10. Civil Rights Movement The boycott was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The boycott was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He only supported nonviolent protests!!! He only supported nonviolent protests!!!

11. Civil Rights Movement By the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement had gained broad support and momentum!!! By the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement had gained broad support and momentum!!! In 1960, four college students from NCA&T protested against discrimination at lunch counters in the Greensboro Sit-in. In 1960, four college students from NCA&T protested against discrimination at lunch counters in the Greensboro Sit-in. Also formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) for college students. Also formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) for college students.

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13. Civil Rights Movement In 1961, CORE staged a “freedom ride” through the South to challenge segregation on interstate buses. In 1961, CORE staged a “freedom ride” through the South to challenge segregation on interstate buses. In Alabama, the bus was firebombed and a white mob attacked the riders. In Alabama, the bus was firebombed and a white mob attacked the riders.

14. Civil Rights Movement TV news coverage compelled the FEDERAL government to get involved!!! TV news coverage compelled the FEDERAL government to get involved!!! In 1962, James Meredith became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi (escorted by Federal Marshalls). In 1962, James Meredith became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi (escorted by Federal Marshalls).

15. Civil Rights Movement Birmingham, AL was known as the most segregated city in the South!!! Birmingham, AL was known as the most segregated city in the South!!! Nonviolent protesters faced armed police, high-pressure fire hoses, and attack dogs. Nonviolent protesters faced armed police, high-pressure fire hoses, and attack dogs.

16. Civil Rights Movement In 1963, King joined the protests and was arrested. In 1963, King joined the protests and was arrested. He wrote the famous “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” He wrote the famous “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” President Kennedy pushed for a new civil rights law. President Kennedy pushed for a new civil rights law.

17. Civil Rights Movement In 1963, more than 200,000 people gathered at the March on Washington to pressure Congress to pass the law. In 1963, more than 200,000 people gathered at the March on Washington to pressure Congress to pass the law. King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” Speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” Speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial.

18. Civil Rights Movement President Kennedy was assassinated, but Lyndon B. Johnson continued the fight. President Kennedy was assassinated, but Lyndon B. Johnson continued the fight. Civil Rights Act of 1964 – outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin. Civil Rights Act of 1964 – outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin.

19. Civil Rights Movement Southern states had used the literacy test, poll tax, and grandfather clause to keep African Americans from voting. Southern states had used the literacy test, poll tax, and grandfather clause to keep African Americans from voting. In 1964, SNCC organized Freedom Summer to help register African Americans to vote. In 1964, SNCC organized Freedom Summer to help register African Americans to vote. Three volunteers disappeared, and their bodies were found weeks later. Three volunteers disappeared, and their bodies were found weeks later.

21. Civil Rights Movement In 1965, King organized a major campaign to pressure the FEDERAL government to pass a voting rights law. In 1965, King organized a major campaign to pressure the FEDERAL government to pass a voting rights law. Police became violent with protesters!!! Police became violent with protesters!!!

22. Civil Rights Movement Voting Rights Act of 1965 – banned the literacy test and gave FEDERAL authorities the right to oversee voting registration and elections in southern states. Voting Rights Act of 1965 – banned the literacy test and gave FEDERAL authorities the right to oversee voting registration and elections in southern states. 24 th Amendment – abolished the poll tax. 24 th Amendment – abolished the poll tax. African American participation in politics (voting and running for office) increased!!! African American participation in politics (voting and running for office) increased!!!

23. Civil Rights Movement Malcolm X converted to the Nation of Islam and appealed to many urban young people. Malcolm X converted to the Nation of Islam and appealed to many urban young people. He promoted more militant tactics. He promoted more militant tactics.

24. Civil Rights Movement Stokely Carmichael was the first to use the term “Black Power.” Stokely Carmichael was the first to use the term “Black Power.” Black Panthers was founded in Oakland, CA and often faced violent confrontations with police. Black Panthers was founded in Oakland, CA and often faced violent confrontations with police.

25. Civil Rights Movement King was assassinated in 1968 in Memphis, TN, and riots broke out in hundreds of cities in the U.S.!!! King was assassinated in 1968 in Memphis, TN, and riots broke out in hundreds of cities in the U.S.!!! U.S. slowly began a policy of affirmative action, or giving special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination. U.S. slowly began a policy of affirmative action, or giving special consideration to women and minorities to make up for past discrimination. Some called it “reverse discrimination.” Some called it “reverse discrimination.”

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