1. Sybex CCNA 640-802 Chapter 12: Security Instructor & Todd Lammle

2. Chapter 1 Objectives The CCNA Topics Covered in this chapter include: Introduction to Security –Types of attacks –Mitigating attacks Access-lists –Standard –Extended –Named –Monitoring Access-lists 2

3. Introduction to Security

4. Attacks APPLICATION-LAYER ATTACKS AUTOROOTERS BACKDOORS DENIAL OF SERVICE (DOS) AND DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACKS –(MANY OTHERS)

5. Mitigating Attacks Appliances –IDS –IPS STATEFUL IOS FIREWALL INSPECTION ENGINE FIREWALL VOICE TRAVERSAL ICMP INSPECTION AUTHENTICATION PROXY

6. Access Lists Purpose: –Used to permit or deny packets moving through the router –Permit or deny Telnet (VTY) access to or from a router –Create dial-on demand (DDR) interesting traffic that triggers dialing to a remote location

7. Important Rules Packets are compared to each line of the assess list in sequential order Packets are compared with lines of the access list only until a match is made –Once a match is made & acted upon no further comparisons take place An implicit “deny” is at the end of each access list –If no matches have been made, the packet will be discarded

8. Types of Access Lists Standard Access List –Filter by source IP addresses only Extended Access List –Filter by Source IP, Destination IP, Protocol Field, Port Number Named Access List –Functionally the same as standard and extended access lists.

9. Application of Access Lists Inbound Access Lists –Packets are processed before being routed to the outbound interface Outbound Access Lists –Packets are routed to the outbound interface & then processed through the access list

10. ACL Guidelines One access list per interface, perprotocol, or per direction More specific tests at the top of the ACL New lists are placed at the bottom of the ACL Individual lines cannot be removed End ACLs with a permit any command Create ACLs & then apply them to an interface ACLs do not filter traffic originated from the router Put Standard ACLs close to the destination Put Extended ACLs close the source

11. Standard IP Access Lists Router#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#access-list ? IP standard access list IP extended access list IPX SAP access list Extended 48-bit MAC address access list IPX summary address access list Protocol type-code access list DECnet access list Appletalk access list 48-bit MAC address access list IPX standard access list IPX extended access list

12. Standard IP Access Lists Creating a standard IP access list: Router(config)#access-list 10 ? deny Specify packets to reject permit Specify packets to forward Permit or deny? Router(config)#access-list 10 deny ? Hostname or A.B.C.D Address to match any any source host host A single host address Using the host command Router(config)#access-list 10 deny host 172.16.30.2

13. Wildcards What are they??? –Used with access lists to specify a…. Host Network Part of a network

14. Block Sizes 64321684 Rules: –When specifying a range of addresses, choose the closest block size –Each block size must start at 0 –A ‘0’ in a wildcard means that octet must match exactly –A ‘255’ in a wildcard means that octet can be any value –The command any is the same thing as writing out the wildcard: 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

15. Specifying a Range of Subnets (Remember: specify a range of values in a block size) Requirement: Block access in the range from 172.16.8.0 through 172.16.15.0 = block size 8 Network number = 172.16.8.0 Wildcard = 0.0.7.255 **The wildcard is always one number less than the block size

16. Standard ACL Example

17. Standard ACL example 2

18. Standard ACL Example 3

19. Controlling VTY (Telnet) Access Why?? –Without an ACL any user can Telnet into the router via VTY and gain access Controlling access –Create a standard IP access list Permitting only the host/hosts authorized to Telnet into the router –Apply the ACL to the VTY line with the access-class command

20. Example Lab_A(config)#access-list 50 permit 172.16.10.3 Lab_A(config)#line vty 0 4 Lab_A(config-line)#access-class 50 in (implied deny)

21. Extended IP Access Lists Allows you to choose... IP Source Address IP Destination Address Protocol Port number

22. Extended IP ACLs Router(config)#access-list ? IP standard access list IP extended access list IPX SAP access list Extended 48-bit MAC address access list IPX summary address access list Protocol type-code access list DECnet access list Appletalk access list 48-bit MAC address access list IPX standard access list IPX extended access list Router(config)#access-list 110 ? deny Specify packets to reject dynamic Specify a DYNAMIC list of PERMITs or DENYs permit Specify packets to forward

23. Extended IP ACLs Router(config)#access-list 110 deny ? An IP protocol number ahp Authentication Header Protocol eigrp Cisco's EIGRP routing protocol esp Encapsulation Security Payload gre Cisco's GRE tunneling icmp Internet Control Message Protocol igmp Internet Gateway Message Protocol igrp Cisco's IGRP routing protocol ip Any Internet Protocol ipinip IP in IP tunneling nos KA9Q NOS compatible IP over IP tunneling ospf OSPF routing protocol pcp Payload Compression Protocol tcp Transmission Control Protocol udp User Datagram Protocol Router(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp ? A.B.C.D Source address any Any source host host A single source host

24. Extended IP ACL Steps #1: Select the access list: RouterA(config)#access-list 110 #2: Decide on deny or permit: RouterA(config)#access-list 110 deny #3: Choose the protocol type: RouterA(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp #4: Choose source IP address of the host or network: RouterA(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any #5: Choose destination IP address RouterA(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any host 172.16.30.2 #6: Choose the type of service, port, & logging RouterA(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any host 172.16.30.2 eq 23 log

25. Steps (cont.) RouterA(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any host 172.16.30.2 eq 23 log RouterA(config)#access-list 110 permit ip any 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 RouterA(config)#ip access-group 110 in or RouterA(config)#ip access-group 110 out

26. Named Access Lists Another way to create standard and extended access lists. Allows the use of descriptive names to ease network management. Syntax changes: Lab_A(config)#ip access-list standard BlockSales Lab_A(config-std-nacl)#deny 172.16.40.0 0.0.0.255 Lab_A(config-std-nacl)#permit any

27. Turning Off and Configuring Network Services SNMP Lab_B(config)#access-list 110 deny udp any any eq snmp Echo Lab_B(config)#no service tcp-small-servers Lab_B(config)#no service udp-small-servers BootP and Auto-Config Lab_B(config)#no ip boot server Lab_B(config)#no service config Examples – more pages 632-635

28. Cisco’s Auto Secure R1#auto secure --- AutoSecure Configuration --- *** AutoSecure configuration enhances the security of the router, but it will not make it absolutely resistant to all security attacks *** AutoSecure will modify the onfiguration of your device. All configuration changes will be shown. For a detailed explanation of how the configuration changes enhance security and any possible side effects, please refer to Cisco.com for Autosecure documentation. At any prompt you may enter ‘?’ for help. Use ctrl-c to abort this session at any prompt. Gathering information about the router for AutoSecure Is this router connected to internet? [no]: yes Enter the number of interfaces facing the internet [1]: [enter] Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.1 YES NVRAM up up Serial0/0 1.1.1.1 YES NVRAM down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Serial0/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Enter the interface name that is facing the internet: serial0/0 Securing Management plane services...

29. Monitoring IP Access Lists Display all access lists & their parameters show access-list Show only the parameters for the access list 110 show access-list 110 Shows only the IP access lists configured show ip access-list Shows which interfaces have access lists set show ip interface Shows the access lists & which interfaces have access lists set show running-config

30. Written Labs and Review Questions –Open your books and go through all the written labs and the review questions. –Review the answers in class. 30