1. The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures Fourth Edition CHAPTER 1 Early Western Civilization 4000–1000 B.C.E. Copyright © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin’s Lynn Hunt Thomas R. Martin Barbara H. Rosenwein Bonnie G. Smith

3. I. The Concept of Western Civilization A. Defining Western Civilization 1. Civilization and Simpler Ways of Life 2. Civilization and Geography 3. Ideas and Customs

4. I. The Concept of Western Civilization A. Defining Western Civilization (cont.) 4. Social Hierarchies and Status 5. Western Civilization and Cultural Interaction B. The Societies of Early Western Civilization 1. Mesopotamia 2. Egypt 3. Anatolia

5. II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E. A. The Emergence of Cities, 4000–2350 B.C.E. 1. The Cities of Sumer 2. Kings in Sumer 3. Slaves in Sumer 4. The Invention of Writing

6. II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E. A. The Emergence of Cities, 4000–2350 B.C.E. (cont.) 5. Mesopotamian Myths and Religion

9. II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E. B. Metals and Empire-Making: The Akkadians and the Ur Dynasty, c. 2350–c. 2000 1. Sargon and Akkadian Empire 2. The Spread of Sumerian Culture 3. The Fall of the Akkadians, c. 2200 B.C.E. 4. Ur III Rulers and Political Instability, 2112–2004 B.C.E.

11. II. Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E. C. The Achievements of the Assyrians, Babylonians, and Canaanites, 2000–1000 B.C.E. 1. The Assyrians and Long-Distance Commerce 2. Hammurabi of Babylon and Written Law 3. Mesopotamian City Life and Learning 4. Canaanites, Commerce, and the Alphabet

13. III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E. A. From the Unification of Egypt to the Old Kingdom, 3050–2190 B.C.E. 1. King Narmer (Menes), the Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, and the Old Kingdom 2. Egyptian Agriculture and Demographics 3. Religion and the Authority of the King

14. III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E. A. From the Unification of Egypt to the Old Kingdom, 3050–2190 B.C.E. (cont.) 4. Pyramids and the Afterlife 5. Hierarchy and Order in Egyptian Society

18. III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E. B. The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, 2061–1081 B.C.E. 1. The Middle Kingdom 2. From Hyksos Rule to the New Kingdom 3. Warrior Pharaohs

20. III. Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E. B. The Middle and New Kingdoms in Egypt, 2061–1081 B.C.E. 4. Religious Tradition and Upheaval 5. Life and Belief in the New Kingdom

21. IV. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E. A. The Hittites, 1750–1200 B.C.E. 1. Hittite Origins, Language, and Religion 2. Building the Hittite Kingdom

23. IV. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E. B. The Minoans, 2200–1400 B.C.E. 1. Palace Society on Crete 2. Mediterranean Polyculture 3. The Interdependent Minoan Economy

24. III. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E. C. The Mycenaeans, 1800–1000 B.C.E. 1. Mycenaean Commerce and Culture 2. Mycenaean Interaction with Minoan Crete 3. Mycenaean Control of Crete 4. War in Mycenaean Society

25. III. The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E. D. The Violent End to Early Western Civilization, 1200– 1000 B.C.E. 1. The Sea Peoples and Upheavals in the Eastern Mediterranean 2. Conflicts and the Weakening of Mycenaean Civilization