1. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 1 21 st Century Skills: An Educator’s Guide Richard Halkett Director of Strategy & Research Cisco Global Education March 17, 2009 This slide deck can be seen with the accompanying video on GETideas.org www.getideas.org/coge

2. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 2 A World of Change in Baseline Qualifications Approximated by percentage of persons with high school or equivalent qualifications in the age groups 55–64, 45–55, 45–44, and 25–34 years United States Czech Republic Estonia Germany Switzerland Denmark Canada Norway Sweden Russian Federation4 Austria3 Slovenia Israel Slovak Republic New Zealand Hungary Finland United Kingdom Netherlands Luxembourg EU19 average OECD average France Australia Iceland Belgium Poland Ireland Korea Chile2 Greece Italy Spain Turkey Portugal Mexico Brazil2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1990s1980s1970s1960s 1. Excluding ISCED 3C short programmes2. Year of reference 2004 3. Including some ISCED 3C short programmes3. Year of reference 2003

3. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 3 A World of Change in Baseline Qualifications Approximated by percentage of persons with high school or equivalent qualifications in the age groups 55–64, 45–55, 45–44, and 25–34 years United States Czech Republic Estonia Germany Switzerland Denmark Canada Norway Sweden Russian Federation4 Austria3 Slovenia Israel Slovak Republic New Zealand Hungary Finland United Kingdom Netherlands Luxembourg EU19 average OECD average France Australia Iceland Belgium Poland Ireland Korea Chile2 Greece Italy Spain Turkey Portugal Mexico Brazil2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 27 1 1990s1980s1970s1960s 1. Excluding ISCED 3C short programmes2. Year of reference 2004 3. Including some ISCED 3C short programmes3. Year of reference 2003

4. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 4 A World of Change in Baseline Qualifications Approximated by percentage of persons with high school or equivalent qualifications in the age groups 55–64, 45–55, 45–44, and 25–34 years United States Czech Republic Estonia Germany Switzerland Denmark Canada Norway Sweden Russian Federation4 Austria3 Slovenia Israel Slovak Republic New Zealand Hungary Finland United Kingdom Netherlands Luxembourg EU19 average OECD average France Australia Iceland Belgium Poland Ireland Korea Chile2 Greece Italy Spain Turkey Portugal Mexico Brazil2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 13 27 1 1 1990s1980s1970s1960s 1. Excluding ISCED 3C short programmes2. Year of reference 2004 3. Including some ISCED 3C short programmes3. Year of reference 2003

5. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 5 New Assessments on the Horizon  PISA (Program for International Student Assessment)  NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress) “ I'm calling on our nation's governors and state education chiefs to develop standards and assessments that don't simply measure whether students can fill in a bubble on a test, but whether they possess 21st century skills like problem- solving and critical thinking and entrepreneurship and creativity” President Barack Obama, March 2009

6. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 6 The Three Benefits of Learning

7. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 7 The Three Benefits of Learning Learning £$¥ 元₨ Economic competitiveness

8. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 8 The Three Benefits of Learning Learning Social & environmental wellbeing

9. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 9 The Three Benefits of Learning Learning Lifelong personal prosperity

10. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 10 The Three Benefits of Learning Learning £$¥ 元₨ Economic competitiveness Lifelong personal prosperity Social & environmental wellbeing

11. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 11 The World Is Changing—Fast Globalization Sustainability Technology Demographic change Peace & security

12. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 12 How the Demand for Skills Has Changed Economy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (U.S.) Mean task input as percentiles of the 1960 task distribution. 40 45 5050 55 60 65 19601970198019902002 Non-Routine Interactive Non-Routine Analytic Routine Manual Routine Cognitive Non-Routine Manual The Dilemma of Schools The skills that are easiest to teach and test are also the ones that are easiest to digitize, automate, and outsource.

13. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 13 21 st Century Learning Education 2.0 Education 3.0 Education 1.0 Supported Through an Adapted Reform Agenda High-quality Infrastructure & Technology Leadership, People & Culture 21st Century Skills Curriculum, Pedagogy & Assessment Achieved in Holistic Transformation Education 3.0 Traditional Education Systems Curriculum Teachers Accountability Leadership

14. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 14 Elements of a 21st Century Curriculum Basic Skills Core Subjects and Technical Skills Disciplinary Knowledge 21st Century Skills Ethics, History, and Citizenship Specialized Subjects

15. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 15 21 st Century Skills: Many Perspectives

16. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 16 Partnership for 21 st Century Skills (P21)

17. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 17 The OECD 1. The great collaborators and orchestrators 2. The great synthesizers 3. The great explainers 4. The great versatilists 5. The great personalizers 6. The great localizers

18. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 18 The Debate “The same ideas were iterated and reiterated by pedagogues across the twentieth century. Their call for 20th century skills sounds identical to the current effort to promote 21st century skills.” Diane Ravitch, Research Professor of Education, New York University “The error at the heart of P21 is the idea that skills are all-purpose muscles that, once developed, can be applied to new and unforeseen domains of experience.” E.D. Hirsch, Jr., former Professor of Education and Humanities, University of Virginia

19. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 19 A False Dichotomy  Not knowledge OR skills—knowledge AND skills  Not LESS knowledge—MORE knowledge through skills/relevance  Not summative OR formative assessment—BETTER summative and MORE formative assessment  The world's great thinkers have always possessed these skills, BUT: Never systematically taught to students Neglected due to emphasis on knowledge

20. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 20 In Summation: 21 st Century Skills  Many consistent themes  A critical debate  Support from the Obama administration  Demands interpretation on a local, regional and national level by professional educators

21. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 21 21 st Century Skills in Action

22. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 22 New York City iSchool  Interdisciplinary, problem-based modules  Self-paced, individualized online coursework  College preparatory core experiences  Off-site field work  Integration of 21 st century skills into all aspects of high school life Leadership Collaboration Interdisciplinary problem solving Personal accountability/advocacy

23. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 23  Established by the UK Royal Society for the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce  Built on the RSA Opening Minds framework  Five categories of competence Learning Citizenship Relating to people Managing situations Managing information RSA Academy, UK

24. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 24 High Tech High, San Diego  Project-Based Learning  Integrated study project  Authentic audience and product  Student activities Identification of life forms Student written history GIS mapmaking technology Observations, reflections, commentary  100% of students graduate and attend college

25. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 25 What Does This Mean for School Systems?  Save time—use technology to extend learning beyond the classroom  Incorporate 21 st century skills across subjects  Listen to student feedback on what works  Monitor NAEP assessment movement toward 21 st century skills  Don’t teach to the test every day—be brave!

26. © 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 26